Spatial compartmentalization and temporal stability of associated microbiota in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas,one of the most exploited molluscs in the world,has suffered from massive mortality in recent decades,and the occurrence mechanisms have not been well characterized.In this study,to reveal the relationship of associated microbiota to the fitness of oysters,temporal dynamics of microbiota in the gill,hemolymph,and hepatopancreas of C.gigas during April 2018-January 2019 were investigated by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing.The microbiota in C.gigas exhibited tissue heterogeneity,of which Spirochaetaceae was dominant in the gill and hemolymph while Mycoplasmataceae enriched in the hepatopancreas.Co-occurrence network demonstrated that the gill microbiota exhibited higher inter-taxon connectivity while the hemolymph microbiota had more modules.The richness(Chao 1 index)and diversity(Shannon index)of microbial community in each tissue showed no significant seasonal variations,except for the hepatopancreas having a higher richness in the autumn.Similarly,beta diversity analysis indicated a relatively stable microbiota in each tissue during the sampling period,showing relative abundance of the dominant taxa exhibiting temporal dynamics.Results indicate that the microbial community in C.gigas showed a tissue-specific stability with temporal dynamics in the composition,which might be essential for the tissue functioning and environmental adaption in oysters.This work provides a baseline microbiota in C.gigas and is helpful for the understanding of host-microbiota interaction in oysters.

猪塞内卡病毒抑制细胞自噬和拮抗宿主天然免疫促进病毒增殖的机制

A型塞内卡病毒(Senecavirus A,SVA)属小RNA病毒科塞内卡病毒属,是一种感染猪的新兴病毒,该病毒可感染各个年龄段的猪群,其感染后引起的临床症状与口蹄疫、水疱性口炎、猪传染性水疱病相似。自2014年11月以来,在美国和加拿大等各地区都有零星发生猪感染SVA的病例。我国于2015年5月在广东省首次检测到SVA的感染,随后在河南、福建、湖北等省份的猪场中也相继检测到了SVA感染的情况。

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in an elderly COVID-19 patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Spontaneous pneumomediastinum(SPM)is more common in young adults,usually caused by external factors like trauma.It causes symptoms such as chest pain or dyspnea,but it is rare to see elderly patients who develop SPM.Here we report the case of an elderly patient diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)who neither got mechanical ventilation nor had chest trauma but were found to develop SPM for unknown reason.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old man complained of a 14-d history of fever accompanied by dry cough,shortness of breath,wheezing,myalgia,nausea,and vomiting.Real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19.The patient was treated with supplementary oxygen by nasal cannula and gamma globulin.Other symptomatic treatments included antibacterial and antiviral treatments.On day 4 of hospitalization,he reported sudden onset of dyspnea.On day 6,he was somnolent.On day 12,the patient reported worsening right-sided chest pain which eventually progressed to bilateral chest pain.He was diagnosed with SPM,with no clear trigger found.Conservative treatment was administrated.During follow-up,the pneumomediastinum had resolved and the patient recovered without other complications.CONCLUSION We presume that aging lung changes and bronchopulmonary infection play an important part in the onset of SPM in COVID-19,but severe acute respiratory syndrome may represent a separate pathophysiologic mechanism forpneumomediastinum.Although the incidence of SPM in elderly patients is low,clinicians should be alert to the possibility of SPM in those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 for life-threatening complications such as cardiorespiratory arrest may occur.

An injectable self-adaptive polymer as a drug carrier for the treatment of nontraumatic early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Core decompression(CD)with the elimination of osteonecrotic bone is the most common strategy for treating early-stage nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH).Adjuvant treatments are widely used in combination with CD as suitable methods of therapy.Existing augmentations have to be fabricated in advance.Here,we report a novel injectable glycerin-modified polycaprolactone(GPCL)that can adapt to the shape of the CD cavity.GPCL shows great flowability at 52.6℃.After solidification,its compressive modulus was 120 kPa at body temperature(37℃).This excellent characteristic enables the polymer to provide mechanical support in vivo.In addition,GPCL acts as a carrier of the therapeutic agent zoledronic acid(ZA),demonstrating sustained release into the CD region.ZA-loaded GPCL was injected into ONFH lesions to treat early-stage nontraumatic cases.Compared to that in the CD group,CD+ZA-loaded GPCL injection preserved bone density and increased the collagen level in the femoral head.At the interface between the GPCL and CD tunnel wall,osteogenesis was significantly promoted.In addition,morphological evaluations revealed that the femoral heads in the CD+ZA-GPCL group exhibited improved pressure resistance.These results suggest a strategy effective to preserve the bone density of the femoral head,thus decreasing the possibility of femoral head collapse.This novel injectable polymer has,therefore,considerable potential in clinical applications.

A mathematical model for optimized operation and controlin a CDQ-Boiler system

Based on analyzing the thermal process of a CDQ （coke dry quenching）-Boiler system, the mathematical model for opti-mized operation and control in the CDQ-Boiler system was developed. It includes a mathematical model for heat transferring process in the CDQ unit, a mathematical model for heat transferring process in the boiler and a combustion model for circulating gas in the CDQ-Boiler system. The model was verified by field data, then a series of simulations under several typical operating conditions of CDQ-Boiler were carried on, and in turn, the online relation formulas between the productivity and the optimal circulating gas, and the one between the productivity and the optimal second air, were achieved respectively. These relation equations have been success- fully used in a CDQ-Boiler computer control system in the Baosteel, to realize online optimized guide and control, and meanwhile high efficiency in the CDQ-Boiler system has been achieved.

高龄股骨颈骨折股骨头置换术的智能术前规划应用

目的探讨基于髋关节置换机器人辅助手术系统的智能术前规划在高龄股骨颈骨折行人工股骨头置换患者人群术中的临床意义。方法回顾性分析西安交通大学第二附属医院骨科自2019年10月至2022年2月完成的创伤后单侧股骨颈骨折行人工股骨头置换患者资料,排除病理性骨折、骨折时间大于4周及严重骨质疏松的病例。所有患者均由同一组手术医生经后外侧入路行人工股骨头置换术,均使用同一种生物固定型假体。收集患者年龄、性别、身体质量指数(BMI)、手术时间、术中出血量、是否进行术前规划,术前规划股骨柄假体型号及术中实际使用股骨柄假体型号等,在手术记录中以及术后X片中明确是否发生术中假体周围骨折,以及假体周围骨折类型等资料。按照是否进行术前规划将所有患者分为两组,利用独立样本t检验,卡方检验比较两组之间的基线资料、手术时间、术中出血量及术中假体周围骨折发生率等。结果共纳入186例患者,其中男性59例,女性127例,年龄(84±4)岁;BMI(23±4)kg/m^(2);手术时间(44±7)min;术中出血量(265±45)ml。有62例患者于术前进行规划,其中56例患者按照术前规划股骨柄型号成功植入股骨柄假体,6例患者术中实际植入假体与术前规划型号不符。186例患者中,发生术中假体周围骨折患者9例,其中术前规划组有1例发生假体周围骨折,非术前规划组有8例发生假体周围骨折。术前规划组的手术时间、手术出血量均低于非规划组(t=10.153、11.412,均为P<0.05);术前规划组术中假体周围骨折发生率低于非规划组(1.6%vs.6.5%),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.227)。结论基于机器人辅助系统的术前规划可以有效降低手术时间及术中出血量,是否能降低术中假体周围骨折的发生率还需要更大样本的研究。

Host Interferon-Stimulated Gene 20 Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Proliferation

Host interferon-stimulated gene 20(ISG20)exerts antiviral effects on viruses by degrading viral RNA or by enhancing IFN signaling.Here,we examined the role of ISG20 during pseudorabies virus(PRV)proliferation.We found that ISG20 modulates PRV replication by enhancing IFN signaling.Further,ISG20 expression was upregulated following PRV infection and poly(I:C)treatment.Ectopic expression of ISG20 inhibited PRV proliferation in PK15 cells,whereas knockdown of ISG20 promoted PRV proliferation.In addition,ISG20 expression upregulated IFN-βexpression and enhanced IFN downstream signaling during PRV infection.Notably,PRV UL24 suppressed the transcription of ISG20,thus antagonizing its antiviral effect.Further domain mapping analysis showed that the N terminus(amino acids 1-90)of UL24 was responsible for the inhibition of ISG20 transcription.Collectively,these findings characterize the role of ISG20 in suppressing PRV replication and increase the understanding of host-PRV interplay.

A molecular dynamics study on the tribological behavior of molybdenum disulfide with grain boundary defects during scratching processes

The effect of grain boundary(GB)defects on the tribological properties of MoS_(2) has been investigated by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The GB defects‐containing MoS_(2) during scratching process shows a lower critical breaking load than that of indentation process,owing to the combined effect of pushing and interlocking actions between the tip and MoS_(2) atoms.The wear resistance of MoS_(2) with GB defects is relevant to the misorientation angle due to the accumulation of long Mo-S bonds around the GBs.Weakening the adhesion strength between the MoS_(2) and substrate is an efficient way to improve the wear resistance of MoS_(2) with low‐angle GBs.

Clinical correlations with disease-associated auto-antibodies in a Chinese cohort with systemic sclerosis

To the Editor:Systemic sclerosis(SSc)is an autoimmune disease characterized by,progressive skin and visceral fibrosis,microvasculopathy,and autoimmunity.Circulating auto-antibodies(AAbs)are detectable in 90%to 95%of patients with SSc.