Reducing the global cancer burden with gastrointestinal screening: China's 30 years practice

Gastrointestinal(GI) cancers include esophageal [EC(International Classification of Disease 10^(th) revision: C15)], gastric [GC(C16)], and colorectal [CRC(C18-C21)] cancers. China is a high-incidence country of GI cancers.

Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff optimization of multiple horizontal wells with complex fracture networks in the M unconventional reservoir

The oil production of the multi-fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs) declines quickly in unconventional oil reservoirs due to the fast depletion of natural energy. Gas injection has been acknowledged as an effective method to improve oil recovery factor from unconventional oil reservoirs. Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff becomes preferable when the CO_(2) source is limited. However, the impact of complex fracture networks and well interference on the EOR performance of multiple MFHWs is still unclear. The optimal gas huff-n-puff parameters are significant for enhancing oil recovery. This work aims to optimize the hydrocarbon gas injection and production parameters for multiple MFHWs with complex fracture networks in unconventional oil reservoirs. Firstly, the numerical model based on unstructured grids is developed to characterize the complex fracture networks and capture the dynamic fracture features.Secondly, the PVT phase behavior simulation was carried out to provide the fluid model for numerical simulation. Thirdly, the optimal parameters for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff were obtained. Finally, the dominant factors of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff under complex fracture networks are obtained by fuzzy mathematical method. Results reveal that the current pressure of hydrocarbon gas injection can achieve miscible displacement. The optimal injection and production parameters are obtained by single-factor analysis to analyze the effect of individual parameter. Gas injection time is the dominant factor of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff in unconventional oil reservoirs with complex fracture networks. This work can offer engineers guidance for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff of multiple MFHWs considering the complex fracture networks.

大豆花药优势表达基因GmFLA22a调控雄性育性的功能研究

我国大豆对外依赖度高,加速提高大豆产量是目前亟需解决的问题。利用杂种优势是大幅提高作物产量的有效途径之一,近年来基于隐性核不育基因开发的智能雄性不育系统,为快速利用大豆杂种优势提供了可能。但是,大豆雄性不育基因研究相对滞后。本研究基于课题组大豆花器官转录组数据,筛选到在大豆早期花药中优势表达基因GmFLA22a,编码含有FAS1结构域的成束状阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白,亚细胞定位表明其可能在内质网中发挥功能。利用基因编辑技术获得Gmfla22a突变体,突变体植株在营养生长阶段与对照组相比没有明显差异,但在生殖生长阶段表现为结实率显著降低。Gmfla22a突变体花粉活力和花粉萌发率均无明显异常,组织切片并染色观察发现,突变体植株花药室壁增厚,花粉粒释放延迟、不完全,这可能是导致Gmfla22a结实率降低的原因。综上,本研究初步揭示GmFLA22a可能参与调控大豆雄性育性,为深入揭示其分子功能提供重要遗传材料,同时为大豆杂种优势利用提供基因资源和理论依据。

Effect of Mn content on microstructure and properties of AlCrCuFeMnx high-entropy alloy

AlCrCuFeMnx(x=0,0.5,1,1.5,and 2)high-entropy alloys were prepared using the vacuum arc melting technology.The microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCrCuFeMnxwere analyzed and tested by XRD,SEM,TEM,nanoindentation,and electronic universal testing.The results indicate that the AlCrCuFeMnxhigh-entropy alloy exhibits a dendritic structure,consisting of dendrites with a BCC structure,interdendrite regions with an FCC structure,and precipitates with an ordered BCC structure that form within the dendrite.Manganese(Mn)has a strong affinity for dendritic,interdendritic,and precipitate structures,allowing it to easily enter these areas.With an increase in Mn content,the size of the precipitated nanoparticles in the dendritic region initially increases and then decreases.Similarly,the area fraction initially decreases and then increases.Additionally,the alloy’s strength and wear resistance decrease,while its plasticity increases.The Al Cr Cu Fe Mn1.5alloy boasts excellent mechanical properties,including a hardness of 360 HV and a wear rate of 2.4×10^(-5)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·mm^(-1).It also exhibits impressive yield strength,compressive strength,and deformation rates of 960 MPa,1,700 MPa,and 27.5%,respectively.

Unlocking epigenetics for precision treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma

Ewing’s sarcoma(EWS)is a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents and young adults.Despite the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in some cases,the cure rate for patients with metastatic and recurrent disease remains low.Therefore,there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches to address the challenges associated with EWS treatment.Epigenetic regulation,a crucial factor in physiological processes,plays a significant role in controlling cell proliferation,maintaining gene integrity,and regulating transcription.Recent studies highlight the importance of abnormal epigenetic regulation in the initiation and progression of EWS.A comprehensive understanding of the intricate interactions between EWS and aberrant epigenetic regulation is essential for advancing clinical drug development.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of both epigenetic targets implicated in EWS,integrating various therapeutic modalities to offer innovative perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of EWS.

All‑Covalent Organic Framework Nanofilms Assembled Lithium‑Ion Capacitor to Solve the Imbalanced Charge Storage Kinetics

Free-standing covalent organic framework(COFs)nanofilms exhibit a remarkable ability to rapidly intercalate/de-intercalate Li^(+) in lithium-ion batteries,while simultaneously exposing affluent active sites in supercapacitors.The development of these nanofilms offers a promising solution to address the persistent challenge of imbalanced charge storage kinetics between battery-type anode and capacitor-type cathode in lithium-ion capacitors(LICs).Herein,for the first time,custom-made COFBTMB-TP and COFTAPB-BPY nanofilms are synthesized as the anode and cathode,respectively,for an all-COF nanofilm-structured LIC.The COFBTMB-TP nanofilm with strong electronegative–CF3 groups enables tuning the partial electron cloud density for Li^(+) migration to ensure the rapid anode kinetic process.The thickness-regulated cathodic COFTAPB-BPY nanofilm can fit the anodic COF nanofilm in the capacity.Due to the aligned 1D channel,2D aromatic skeleton and accessible active sites of COF nanofilms,the whole COFTAPB-BPY//COFBTMB-TP LIC demonstrates a high energy density of 318 mWh cm^(−3) at a high-power density of 6 W cm^(−3),excellent rate capability,good cycle stability with the capacity retention rate of 77%after 5000-cycle.The COFTAPB-BPY//COFBTMB-TP LIC represents a new benchmark for currently reported film-type LICs and even film-type supercapacitors.After being comprehensively explored via ex situ XPS,7Li solid-state NMR analyses,and DFT calculation,it is found that the COFBTMB-TP nanofilm facilitates the reversible conversion of semi-ionic to ionic C–F bonds during lithium storage.COFBTMB-TP exhibits a strong interaction with Li^(+) due to the C–F,C=O,and C–N bonds,facilitating Li^(+) desolation and absorption from the electrolyte.This work addresses the challenge of imbalanced charge storage kinetics and capacity between the anode and cathode and also pave the way for future miniaturized and wearable LIC devices.

Genetically Predicted Plasma Levels of Amino Acids and Endometriosis:A Mendelian Randomization Study

Endometriosis(EMS)is one of the most common disorders among women of reproductive age and affects approximately 6%–10%of the world total population^([1]).Women with EMS often experience symptoms such as dysmenorrhea,infertility,or difficulties in conceiving.Recent studies focusing on amino acids(AAs)metabolism have shed light on the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of EMS^([2]).

Moxibustion at ST36 activates peritoneal macrophages in CTX-induced immunosuppression in mouse model via IFN-γ

Background:To explored whether moxa cone moxibustion can reduce peritoneal inflammation by increasing the content of peritoneal macrophages and B cells via interferon-gamma.Methods:The mice were randomly divided into three groups with six mice in each group:the control group,model group,and moxibustion group,and the model was established in mice using cyclophosphamide.In the moxibustion group,the mice received moxa cone moxibustion at Zusanli(ST36)for 7 days.Analysis of Peritoneal cell were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence,the protein expression level in the peritoneal fluid were measured with mouse cytokine antibody arrays and verified by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test,and RNA-Sequencing was used for peritoneal cell RNA analysis.Results:Our results showed that moxa cone moxibustion could reduce the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells(P<0.05).With the cytokine array analysis and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay test of peritoneal fluid,we found that IFN‐γwas up-regulated in moxibustion group(P<0.05).There were 169 genes were down-regulated in the model group and up-regulated in the moxibustion group while 19 genes that were up-regulated in the model group and down-regulated in the moxibustion group via RNA-sequencing.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of 188 intersect differentially expressed genes were found that the top 3 pathways with the highest enrichment of up-regulated genes included Hematopoietic cell lineage,Inflammatory bowel disease and Malaria.The differentially expressed genes visualization protein-protein interaction network shows the top 10 genes including Ifng,Grb2,CCR7,CTLA4,CXCR5,Foxp3,kit,PRF1,CD5 and klrg1.Conclusion:These findings showed that moxa cone moxibustion can alleviate chemotherapy-induced diarrhea by reducing the loss of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity,possibly through up-regulating inflammatory bowel disease signaling pathway via interferon-gamma to regulate the survival and function of large peritoneal macrophages and B1 cells.

Natural regulatory T cells and bifunctional regulatory T cells:potential targets of traditional Chinese medicine in treating colitis-associated colon cancer

Colon cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignancies globally,ranking third in terms of new cancer cases and second as a cause of cancer deaths[1].In recent 30 years,the incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China have been increasing,gradually exceeding the global levels[2].Due to the fact that most CRC patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage,the treatment of this disease is challenging and often ineffective.Therefore,prevention and early diagnosis of CRC are crucial.

Analgesic Effect of Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia and its Effect on TNF-α and CRP Levels in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture During Surgical Treatment

Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Shao Yao Decoction exerts a protective effect on ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation mediated by hypercoagulability

Background:Shaoyao decoction(SYD)has been found widespread clinical use in treating ulcerative colitis(UC).However,the mechanism underlying SYD impact on UC remains elusive.Materials and methods:We preliminarily evaluated the therapeutic effect of SYD intervention in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced UC mouse model by analyzing the body weight change,disease activity index score,colon length,and HE staining results of colon tissue in each group of mice.Subsequently,we determined pro-inflammatory cytokines level and blood coagulation markers in the colon tissues of mice in each group to evaluate the effect of SYD intervention on colonic inflammatory response and coagulation function in UC mice.Results:Our findings emphasize the significant therapeutic effect of SYD on UC,including slowed down body weight loss,reduced disease activity index score,increased colon length,and reduced inflammatory infiltration in colon tissue.Moreover,SYD intervention significantly downregulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-17A in the colon.Furthermore,SYD intervention reversed the coagulation-related indicators such as prothrombin time,fibrinogen,P-selectin,D-dimer,and platelet glycomembrane protein IIb/IIIa.Conclusion:Our results elucidate the substantial therapeutic impact of SYD on UC mice.Importantly,the therapeutic mechanism of SYD in addressing UC potentially involves the inhibiting of inflammatory response mediated by hypercoagulability.

The effect of Jiangan Xiaozhi Formula on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective:To investigate the effects of Jiangan Xiaozhi Formula(JGXZ)on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:Between September 2022 and December 2023,our hospital admitted a total of 58 patients with NAFLD.These patients were split into two groups at random:one for experimentation and the other for control.There were 27 patients in the experimental group at the end,compared to 26 in the control group,reasonable exercise,weight management,lipid regulation,and oral polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules(PPC).The experimental group received JGXZ in addition to the above treatments for 12 consecutive weeks.Changes in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,blood lipids,liver function indicators,the levels of oxidative stress markers,such as malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and superoxide dismutase(SOD),as well as serum inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),were measured both before and after treatment.Results:After treatment,both groups showed significant reductions in TCM syndrome scores(P<0.05)and improvements in blood lipids,liver function indicators,inflammatory factors,and oxidative stress markers(P<0.05).Improvements were noticeably better in the experimental group than in the control group.(P<0.05).Conclusion:JGXZ can significantly improve clinical symptoms,regulate blood lipids,and protect liver function in patients with NAFLD.Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating the balance of the oxidation-antioxidation system.

Modulating the crosstalk between macrophage and Th17: potential mechanism of natural products on acute lung injury

Sepsis is a life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by the imbalance of the immune response to infection,featuring complex and variable conditions,and is one of the leading causes of mortality in ICU patients.Lung injury is a common organ damage observed in sepsis patients.Macrophages and Th17 cells,as crucial components of innate and adaptive immunity,play pivotal roles in the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury(ALI).This review summarizes the alterations and mechanisms of macrophages and Th17 cells in sepsis-induced ALI.By focusing on the“cross-talk”between macrophages and Th17 cells,this review aims to provide a solid theoretical foundation for further exploring the therapeutic targets of traditional Chinese medicine formulas in the treatment of sepsis complicated with ALI,thereby offering insights and guidance for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in managing sepsis-associated ALI.

Changes of mitochondrial dynamics during the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a chronic liver disease closely related to metabolic disorders that pose a serious threat to human health.Currently,no specific drugs are available for treating the aetiology of NAFLD in clinical practice.Mitochondria have various biological functions inside the cell.Studies have found that mitochondrial fission and fusion are closely related to NAFLD.Therefore,identifying therapeutic targets for NAFLD through mitochondrial fission and fusion is crucial.Particularly in the field of traditional Chinese medicine,good therapeutic effects have been achieved in the treatment of NAFLD by protecting mitochondrial fusion and fission.Therefore,this article reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and NAFLD as well as the treatment of NAFLD through the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion with traditional Chinese medicine to provide a reference for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion functions to treat NAFLD.

The relationship between ferroptosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a kind of metabolic disorder characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver and ranging from simple steatosis(simple NAFLD)to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma[1].It has recently been increasing annually;for example,it was recently estimated to have a global prevalence of 32.4%,which seriously threatens human health[2].Thus,the discovery of new therapeutic targets is of great importance because there is no specified drug for the treatment of NAFLD.On the other hand,the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complicated and still unclear.Recent studies have proposed ferroptosis as related to the disease progressions of NAFLD.Preliminary evidence indicated that ferroptosis in hepatocytes and hepatic macrophages could induce NASH and that complex regulatory mechanisms were involved.In the future,inhibition of ferroptosis may hopefully become an emerging target in treating NAFLD.

Serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue decoction suppresses glutamate-induced PC12 cell injury

Glutamate application is an established method of inducing PC12 cell injury. PC12 cells were cultured with serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue decoction consisting of moschus, Carthamus tinctonus, Rhizoma chuanxiong, Semen pruni persicae, and Radix Paeoniae Rubra. After 24 hours of co-cultivation, glutamate （12.5 mM） was added to the culture medium. We found that serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue decoction prevented the increase in reactive oxygen species, and the decreases in superoxide dismutase and Na＋-K＋-ATPase activity, induced by glutamate. It also reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde, enhanced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, inhibited the elevation of cellular calcium, and decreased phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I1. Thus, serum containing Tongqiaohuoxue decoction had protective effects on cell proliferation and membrane permeability in glutamate-injured PC12 cells.

Tissue cell differentiation and multicellular evolution via cytoskeletal stiffening in mechanically stressed microenvironments

Evolution of eukaryotes from simple cells to complex multicellular organisms remains a mystery. Our postulate is that cytoskeletal stiffening is a necessary condition for evolution of complex multicellular organisms from early simple eukaryotes. Recent findings show that embryonic stem cells are as soft as primitive eukaryotes-amoebae and that differentiated tissue cells can be two orders of magnitude stiffer than embryonic stem cells. Soft embryonic stem cells become stiff as they differentiate into tissue cells of the complex multicellular organisms to match their microenvironment stiffness. We perhaps see in differentiation of embryonic stem cells (derived from inner cell mass cells) the echo of those early evolutionary events. Early soft unicellular organisms might have evolved to stiffen their cytoskeleton to protect their structural integrity from external mechanical stresses while being able to maintain form, to change shape, and to move.

Influence of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process and Shot Peening on Fretting Fatigue Performance of Ti-6Al-4V

At present,there are many studies on the residual stress field and plastic strain field introduced by surface strengthening,which can well hinder the initiation of early fatigue cracks and delay the propagation of fatigue cracks.However,there are few studies on the effects of these key factors on fretting wear.In the paper,shot-peening(SP)and ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)were performed on Ti-6Al-4V plate specimens.The surface hardness and residual stresses of the material were tested by vickers indenter and X-ray diffraction residual stress analyzer.Microhardness were measured by HXD-1000MC/CD micro Vickers hardness tester.The effects of different surface strengthening on its fretting fatigue properties were verified by fretting fatigue experiments.The fretting fatigue fracture surface and wear morphology of the specimens were studied and analyzed by means of microscopic observation,and the mechanism of improving fretting fatigue life by surface strengthening process was further explained.After USRP treatment,the surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V is significantly improved.In addition,the microhardness of the specimen after SP reaches the maximum at 80μm from the surface,which is about 123%higher than that of the AsR specimen.After USRP,it reaches the maximum at 150μm from the surface,which is about 128%higher than that of AsR specimen.It is also found that the residual compressive stress of the specimens treated by USRP and SP increases first and then decreases with the depth direction,and the residual stress reaches the maximum on the sub surface.The USRP specimen reaches the maximum value at 0.18 mm,about−550 MPa,while the SP specimen reaches the maximum value at 0.1 mm,about−380 MPa.The fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V effectively improved after USRP and SP.The surface integrity of specimens after USRP is the best,which has deeper residual compressive stress layer and more refined grain.In this paper,a fretting wear device is designed to carry out fretting fatigue experiments on specimens with different surface strengthening.

Structural analysis of DMD gene and its clinical application in Chinese.Ⅰ. Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragment,RFLP and carrier detection

This article is one of the serial studies oll the characteristics of the molecular structure for dystrophin gene in Chinese. By using the entire dystrophin cDNA (14 kb) as a probe- the number and RFLPs of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments of the dystrophin gene were analysed. Four new Bgl Ⅱ fragments were found, two of them (3.7 and 6.2 kb) detected by comparing the hybridization patterns with cDNA1-2a. 1a and 2a, one (9.3 kb) from the hybridization pattern with cDNA 9 by lengthening migrating distance of DNA fragments in electrophoresis. and another one (4.0 kb) by comparing the patterns with cDNA 11-14,11a- 11b’ 11c-12a and 14. The results indicated that the number of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments should be 59 rather than 55 reported previously, which laid the foundation of the Bgl Ⅱ partial restriction map for dystrophin gene. Three of the four RFLPs found in Caucacian appear in the hybridization patterns of three subclones, i.e.cDNA 2b-3. cDNA 4-5, and cDNA 5b-7.’ The values of expected heterozygote frequency (EHF) were 0.33, 0.33and 0.40 and the observed heterozygote frequency (OHF)were 0.40. 0.40 and 0.48 respectively. Meanwhile, two new rare allelic fragments (15 kb) were found in RFLPs from Bgl Ⅱ/2b-3 and Bgl Ⅱ/4-5a patterns respectively. These Bgl Ⅱ RFLPs and four XbaI RFLPs documented in our laboratory, have been used to detect the carrier in 7 DMDfamilies and 1 BMD family. Of the 69 individuals from the 8 families- 11 females were diagnosed as the carriers with DMD mutation, 4 females as the doubtful carriers, 12 females were defined as normal genotype and 2 females as probably normal. The results suggest that the carrier testing method based on dosage intensity analysis and genotype analysis by using dystrophin cDNA as a probe will be more sensitive and accurate.

Data mining-based model and risk prediction of colorectal cancer by using secondary health data:A systematic review

Objective:Prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer(CRC)can increase the chances of successful treatment and reduce burden.Various data mining technologies have been utilized to strengthen the early detection of CRC in primary care.Evidence synthesis on the model’s effectiveness is scant.This systematic review synthesizes studies that examine the effect of data mining on improving risk prediction of CRC.Methods:The PRISMA framework guided the conduct of this study.We obtained papers via Pub Med,Cochrane Library,EMBASE and Google Scholar.Quality appraisal was performed using Downs and Black’s quality checklist.To evaluate the performance of included models,the values of specificity and sensitivity were comparted,the values of area under the curve(AUC)were plotted,and the median of overall AUC of included studies was computed.Results:A total of 316 studies were reviewed for full text.Seven articles were included.Included studies implement techniques including artificial neural networks,Bayesian networks and decision trees.Six articles reported the overall model accuracy.Overall,the median AUC is 0.8243[interquartile range(IQR):0.8050-0.8886].In the two articles that reported comparison results with traditional models,the data mining method performed better than the traditional models,with the best AUC improvement of 10.7%.Conclusions:The adoption of data mining technologies for CRC detection is at an early stage.Limited numbers of included articles and heterogeneity of those studies implied that more rigorous research is expected to further investigate the techniques’effects.