Freshwater fungi from karst landscapes in China and Thailand

Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world.Dur-ing a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes,a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand.Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU,ITS,SSU,TEF1α,and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes.Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny,we introduce four new genera,viz.Aquabispora,Neocirrenalia,Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella,and 47 new species,viz.Acrodictys chishuiensis,A.effusa,A.pyriformis,Actinocladium aquaticum,Annulatascus tratensis,Aquabispora setosa,Aqualignicola setosa,Aquimassario-sphaeria vermiformis,Ceratosphaeria flava,Chaetosphaeria polygonalis,Conlarium muriforme,Digitodesmium chishuiense,Ellisembia aquirostrata,Fuscosporella atrobrunnea,Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme,H.caohaiense,Hongkongmyces aquisetosus,Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis,Monilochaetes alsophilae,Mycoenterolobium macrosporum,Myrmecridium splendidum,Neohelicascus griseoflavus,Neohelicomyces denticulatus,Neohelicosporium fluviatile,Neokalmusia aquib-runnea,Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa,Neomyrmecridium naviculare,Neospadicoides biseptata,Ocellisimilis clavata,Ophioceras thailandense,Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus,Phialoturbella aquilunata,Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum,Pseudodactylaria denticulata,P.longidenticulata,P.uniseptata,Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca,Rhamphoriopsis aquimi-crospora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Shrungabeeja fluviatilis,Sporidesmium tratense,S.versicolor,Sporoschisma atroviride,Stanjehughesia aquatica,Thysanorea amniculi,Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata,with an illustrated account,discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa.Seven new combinations are introduced,viz.Aquabispora grandispora(≡Boerlagiomyces grandisporus),A.websteri(≡Boerlagiomyces websteri),Cer-atosphaeria suthepensis(≡Pseudohalonectria suthepensis),Gamsomyces aquaticus(≡Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum),G.malabaricus(≡Gangliostilbe malabarica),Neocirrenalia nigrospora(≡Cirrenalia nigrospora),and Rhamphoriopsis glauca(≡Chloridium glaucum).Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats.Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora(≡Cirrenalia nigrospora).Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium,Aqualigni-cola,and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections.Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated.The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.

Refined families of Dothideomycetes:orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes

Numerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013.A recent publication by Honsanan et al.in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideo-mycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications.In this paper,we provide a refined updated document on orders and families incertae sedis of Dothideomycetes.Each family is provided with an updated description,notes,including figures to represent the morphology,a list of accepted genera,and economic and ecological significances.We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order.In this study,31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as orders incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes,and 41 families are treated as families incertae sedis due to lack of molecular or morphological evidence.The new order,Catinellales,and four new families,Catinellaceae,Morenoinaceae Neobuelliellaceae and Thyrinulaceae are introduced.Seven genera(Neobuelliella,Pseudomicrothyrium,Flagellostrigula,Swinscowia,Macroconstrictolumina,Pseudobogoriella,and Schummia)are introduced.Seven new species(Acrospermum urticae,Bogoriella complexoluminata,Dothiorella ostryae,Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus,Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis,Patellaria microspora,and Pseu-domicrothyrium thailandicum)are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny,together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families.Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.

Fungal diversity notes 1277-1386:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy,based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology,anatomy,and strain culture,combined with DNA sequence analyses.110 taxa are described and illustrated,including five new genera,92 new species,eight new combinations and other taxonomic contributions(one new sequenced species,one new host and three new records)which are accommodated in 40 families and 1 incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes.The new genera are Amyloceraceomyces,Catenuliconidia,Hansenopezia,Ionopezia and Magnopulchromyces.The new species are Amyloceraceomyces angustisporus,Amylocorticium ellipsosporum,Arthrinium sorghi,Catenuliconidia uniseptata,Clavulina sphaeropedunculata,Colletotrichum parthenocissicola,Coniothyrium triseptatum,Cortinarius indorusseus,C.paurigarhwalensis,C.sinensis,C.subsanguineus,C.xiaojinensis,Diaporthe pimpinel-lae,Dictyosporella guizhouensis,Diplodia torilicola,Fuscoporia marquesiana,F.semiarida,Hansenopezia decora,Helicoarcta-tus thailandicus,Hirsutella hongheensis,Humidicutis brunneovinacea,Lentaria gossypina,L.variabilis,Lycoperdon lahorense,L.pseudocurtisii,Magnopulchromyces scorpiophorus,Moelleriella gracilispora,Neodevriesia manglicola,Neodidymelliopsis salvia,N.urticae,Neoroussoella magnoliae,Neottiella gigaspora,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Phaeotremella yunnanensis,Podosphaera yulii,Rigidoporus juniperinus,Rhodofomitopsis pseudofeei,Russula benghalensis,Scleroramularia vermispora,Scytinopogon minisporus,Sporormurispora paulsenii,Thaxteriellopsis obliqus,Tomentella asiae-orientalis,T.atrobadia,T.atrocastanea,T.aureomarginata,T.brevis,T.brunneoflava,T.brunneogrisea,T.capitatocystidiata,T.changbaiensis,T.citri-nocystidiata,T.coffeae,T.conclusa,T.cystidiata,T.dimidiata,T.duplexa,T.efibulata,T.efibulis,T.farinosa,T.flavidobadia,T.fuscocrustosa,T.fuscofarinosa,T.fuscogranulosa,T.fuscopelliculosa,T.globospora,T.gloeocystidiata,T.griseocastanea,T.griseofusca,T.griseomarginata,T.inconspicua,T.incrustata,T.interrupta,T.liaoningensis,T.longiaculeifera,T.longiechinuli,T.megaspora,T.olivacea,T.olivaceobrunnea,T.pallidobrunnea,T.pallidomarginata,T.parvispora,T.pertenuis,T.qingyuanensis,T.segregata,T.separata,T.stipitata,T.storea,Trichoderma ceratophylletum,Tyromyces minutulus,Umbelopsis heterosporus and Xylolentia reniformis.The new combinations are Antrodiella descendena,Chloridium macrocladum,Hansenopezia retrocurvata,Rhodofomitopsis monomitica,Rh.oleracea,Fuscoporia licnoides,F.scruposa and Ionopezia gerardii.A new sequenced species(Graphis supracola),one new host(Aplosporella prunicola)and three new geographical records(Golovinomyces monardae,Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum and Prosthemium betulinum),are reported.

Freshwater Sordariomycetes

Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi mainly characterized by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci.Freshwater Sordariomycetes play an important role in ecosystems and some of them have the potential to produce bioactive compounds.This study documents and reviews the freshwater Sordariomycetes,which is one of the largest and important groups of fungi in aquatic habitats.Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology,we introduce a new order Distoseptisporales,two new families,viz.Ceratosphaeriaceae and Triadelphiaceae,three new genera,viz.Aquafiliformis,Dematiosporium and Neospadicoides,47 new species,viz.Acrodictys fluminicola,Aquafiliformis lignicola,Aquapteridospora fusiformis,Arthrinium aquaticum,Ascosacculus fusiformis,Atractospora aquatica,Barbatosphaeria lignicola,Ceratosphaeria aquatica,C.lignicola,Chaetosphaeria aquatica,Ch.catenulata,Ch.guttulata,Ch.submersa,Codinaea yunnanensis,Conioscypha aquatica,C.submersa,Cordana aquatica,C.lignicola,Cosmospora aquatica,Cylindrotrichum submersum,Dematiosporium aquaticum,Dictyochaeta cangshanensis,D.ellipsoidea,D.lignicola,D.submersa,Distoseptispora appendiculata,D.lignicola,D.neorostrata,D.obclavata,Hypoxylon lignicola,Lepteutypa aquatica,Myrmecridium aquaticum,Neospadicoides aquatica,N.lignicola,N.yunnanensis,Ophioceras submersum,Peroneutypa lignicola,Phaeoisaria filiformis,Pseudostanjehughesia lignicola,Rhodoveronaea aquatica,Seiridium aquaticum,Sporidesmiella aquatica,Sporidesmium lageniforme,S.lignicola,Tainosphaeria lunata,T.obclavata,Wongia aquatica,two new combinations,viz.Acrodictys aquatica,Cylindrotrichum aquaticum,and 9 new records,viz.Chaetomium globosum,Chaetosphaeria cubensis,Ch.myriocarpa,Cordana abramovii,Co.terrestris,Cuspidatispora xiphiago,Sporidesmiella hyalosperma,Stachybotrys chartarum,S.chlorohalonata.A comprehensive classification of the freshwater Sordariomycetes is presented based on updated literature.Phylogenetic inferences based on DNA sequence analyses of a combined LSU,SSU,RPB2 and TEF1a dataset comprising species of freshwater Sordariomycetes are provided.Detailed information including their habitats distribution,diversity,holotype,specimens collected and classification are provided.

Fungal diversity notes 603–708: taxonomic and phylogenetic notes on genera and species

This is the sixth in a series of papers where we bring collaborating mycologists together to produce a set of notes of several taxa of fungi.In this study we introduce a new family Fuscostagonosporaceae in Dothideomycetes.We also introduce the new ascomycete genera Acericola,Castellaniomyces,Dictyosporina and Longitudinalis and new species Acericola italica,Alternariaster trigonosporus,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Angustimassarina coryli,Astrocystis bambusicola,Castellaniomyces rosae,Chaetothyrina artocarpi,Chlamydotubeufia krabiensis,Colletotrichum lauri,Collodiscula chiangraiensis,Curvularia palmicola,Cytospora mali-sylvestris,Dictyocheirospora cheirospora,Dictyosporina ferruginea,Dothiora coronillae,Dothiora spartii,Dyfrolomyces phetchaburiensis,Epicoccum cedri,Epicoccum pruni,Fasciatispora calami,Fuscostagonospora cytisi,Grandibotrys hyalinus,Hermatomyces nabanheensis,Hongkongmyces thailandica,Hysterium rhizophorae,Jahnula guttulaspora,Kirschsteiniothelia rostrata,Koorchalomella salmonispora,Longitudinalis nabanheensis,Lophium zalerioides,Magnibotryascoma mali,Meliola clerodendri-infortunati,Microthyrium chinense,Neodidymelliopsis moricola,Neophaeocryptopus spartii,Nigrograna thymi,Ophiocordyceps cossidarum,Ophiocordyceps issidarum,Ophiosimulans plantaginis,Otidea pruinosa,Otidea stipitata,Paucispora kunmingense,Phaeoisaria microspora,Pleurothecium floriforme,Poaceascoma halophila,Periconia aquatica,Periconia submersa,Phaeosphaeria acaciae,Phaeopoacea muriformis,Pseudopithomyces kunmingnensis,Ramgea ozimecii,Sardiniella celtidis,Seimatosporium italicum,Setoseptoria scirpi,Torula gaodangensis and Vamsapriya breviconidiophora.We also provide an amended account of Rhytidhysteron to include apothecial ascomata and a J?hymenium.The type species of Ascotrichella hawksworthii(Xylariales genera incertae sedis),Biciliopsis leptogiicola(Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis),Brooksia tropicalis(Micropeltidaceae),Bryochiton monascus(Teratosphaeriaceae),Bryomyces scapaniae(Pseudoperisporiaceae),Buelliella minimula(Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis),Carinispora nypae(Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae),Cocciscia hammeri(Verrucariaceae),Endoxylina astroidea(Diatrypaceae),Exserohilum turcicum(Pleosporaceae),Immotthia hypoxylon(Roussoellaceae),Licopolia franciscana(Vizellaceae),Murispora rubicunda(Amniculicolaceae)and Doratospora guianensis(synonymized under Rizalia guianensis,Trichosphaeriaceae)were reexamined and descriptions,illustrations and discussion on their familial placement are given based on phylogeny and morphological data.New host records or new country reports are provided for Chlamydotubeufia huaikangplaensis,Colletotrichum fioriniae,Diaporthe subclavata,Diatrypella vulgaris,Immersidiscosia eucalypti,Leptoxyphium glochidion,Stemphylium vesicarium,Tetraploa yakushimensis and Xepicula leucotricha.Diaporthe baccae is synonymized under Diaporthe rhusicola.A reference specimen is provided for Periconia minutissima.Updated phylogenetic trees are provided for most families and genera.We introduce the new basidiomycete species Agaricus purpurlesquameus,Agaricus rufusfibrillosus,Lactifluus holophyllus,Lactifluus luteolamellatus,Lactifluus pseudohygrophoroides,Russula benwooii,Russula hypofragilis,Russula obscurozelleri,Russula parapallens,Russula phoenicea,Russula pseudopelargonia,Russula pseudotsugarum,Russula rhodocephala,Russula salishensis,Steccherinum amapaense,Tephrocybella constrictospora,Tyromyces amazonicus and Tyromyces angulatus and provide updated trees to the genera.We also introduce Mortierella formicae in Mortierellales,Mucoromycota and provide an updated phylogenetic tree.