Recent progress of efficient utilization of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag

Titanium-bearing blast furnace slag(BFS)has valuable compositions and potential environmental hazardousness.Thus,developing efficient and green approaches to utilize BFS is highly desired for resource economization and environmental protection.In the past decades,many attempts have been adopted to reuse BFS efficiently,and significant advances in understanding the fundamental features and the development of efficient approaches have been achieved.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest progress on the efficient utilization of BFS and discusses the mechanism and characteristics of various approaches,along with their application prospects.In particular,the extraction and enrichment of titanium-bearing phases from BFS are highlighted because of the high availability of titanium resources.This systemic and comprehensive review may benefit the design of new and green utilization routes with high efficiency and low cost.

Convenient Way of Extend Linear Expenditure System Modeling without Regression

Extend Linear Expenditure System model is a collection of multiple linear models, and modeling is a clearly tedious process. The innovation of this paper is trying to find a simple way of ELES modeling, which means, in order to omit the modeling process one by one, we try to use Excel functionality to create a model workplace. As long as you replace the original sample data in the workspace, you can get the results you want.

Tribological properties and tribomechanism of nickel nanoparticles in-situ synthesized in rapeseed oil

Nickel(Ni)nanoparticles can be enriched on the surface of iron-based frictional pairs,which provides the possibility to get rid of the competitive adsorption between the polar species of vegetable oil and the surface-active nano-additives thereon.In this paper,nickel acetylacetonate was used as a precursor to in-situ synthesize nickel nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 12 nm in rapeseed oil(RO)as the reducing agent,surface modifier,and solvent as well.The tribological properties of the as-synthesized Ni nanoparticles were evaluated with a four-ball tribometer,and their tribomechanism was investigated based on the characterizations of the tribofilm on rubbed steel surfaces by the scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It was found that the Ni nanoparticles in-situ prepared in the RO with a mass fraction of 0.3%can reduce the wear scar diameter(WSD)of the steel ball by 36%.This is because,on the one hand,the Ni nanoparticles are adsorbed on the rubbed steel surfaces to repair or fill up the micro-pits and grooves thereon.On the other hand,Ni nanoparticles participate in tribochemical reactions with atmospheric O and steel substrate to form the tribochemical reaction film on the rubbed steel surfaces with the assistance of friction-induced heat and applied normal load.In addition,an amorphous carbon film is formed on the rubbed surface via the carbonization of base oil under the catalysis of Ni nanoparticles.The adsorbed Ni layer,the tribochemical reaction film,and the carbon layer comprise a composite tribofilm composed of amorphous carbon,polar fatty acid,metallic nickel,iron oxides,and nickel oxides on the rubbed steel surfaces,which contributes to significantly improving the antiwear ability and load-carrying capacity of the RO for the steel-steel sliding pair.

A functional hydrogenase mimic that catalyzes robust H_(2) evolution spontaneously in aqueous environment

Although great progress has been made in improving hydrogen production,highly efficient catalysts,which are able to produce hydrogen in a fast and steady way at ambient temperature and pressure,are still in large demand.Here,we report a[NiCo]-based hydrogenase mimic,NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanozyme,that can catalyze robust hydrogen evolution spontaneously in water without external energy input at room temperature.This hydrogenase nanozyme facilitates water splitting reaction by forming a three-center Ni-OH-Co bond analogous to the[NiFe]-hydrogenase reaction by using aluminum as electron donor,and realizes hydrogen evolution with a high production rate of 915 L·h^(-1) per gram of nanozymes,which is hundreds of times higher than most of the natural hydrogenase or hydrogenase mimics.Furthermore,the NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanozyme can robustly disrupt the adhesive oxidized layer of aluminum and enable the full consumption of electrons from aluminum.In contrast to the often-expensive synthetic catalysts that rely on rare elements and consume high energy,we envision that this NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanozyme can potentially provide an upgrade for current hydrogen evolution,accelerate the development of scale-up hydrogen production,and generate a clean energy future.

Multiscale structural design of MnO_(2)@GO superoxide dismutase nanozyme for protection against antioxidant damage

Rational design of metallic active sites and its microenvironment is critical for constructing superoxide dismutase(SOD)nanozymes.Here,we reported a novel SOD nanozyme design,with employing graphene oxide(GO)as the framework,andδ-MnO_(2)as the active sites,to mimic the natural Mn-SOD.This MnO_(2)@GO nanozyme exhibited multiscale laminated structures with honeycomb-like morphology,providing highly specific surface area for·O_(2)−adsorption and confined spaces for subsequent catalytic reactions.Thus,the nanozyme achieved superlative SOD-like catalytic performance with inhibition rate of 95.5%,which is 222.6%and 1605.4%amplification over GO and MnO_(2)nanoparticles,respectively.Additionally,such unique hierarchical structural design endows MnO_(2)@GO with catalytic specificity,which was not present in the individual component(GO or MnO_(2)).This multiscale structural design provides new strategies for developing highly active and specific SOD nanozymes.

Synergistic tribological effect between polyisobutylene succinimide-modified molybdenum oxide nanoparticle and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate for reducing friction and wear of diamond-like carbon coating under boundary lubrication

Organic molybdenum lubricant additive like molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate(MoDTC)can cause wear acceleration of diamond-like carbon(DLC)coating coupled with steel under boundary lubrication,which hinders its industrial application.Therefore,polyisobutylene succinimide(PIBS),an organo molybdenum amide,was adopted to modify molybdenum oxide affording molybdenum polyisobutylene succinimidemolybdenum oxide nanoparticles(MPIBS-MONPs)with potential to prevent the wear acceleration of DLC coating.The thermal stability of MPIBS-MONPs was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis.Their tribological properties as the additives in di-isooctyl sebacate(DIOS)were evaluated with MoDTC as a control;and their tribomechanism was investigated in relation to their tribochemical reactions and synergistic tribological effect with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate(ZDDP)as well as worn surface characterizations.Findings indicate that MPIBS-MONPs/ZDDP added in DIOS can significantly reduce the friction and wear of DLC coating,being much superior to MoDTC.This is because MPIBS-MONPs and ZDDP jointly take part in tribochemical reactions to form a composite tribofilm that can increase the wear resistance of DLC coating.Namely,the molybdenum amide on MPIBS-MONPs surface can react with ZDDP to form MoS2 film with excellent friction-reducing ability;and MPIBS-MONPs can release molybdenum oxide nanoparticle to form deposited lubrication layer on worn surfaces.The as-formed composite tribofilm consisting of molybdenum oxide nanocrystal,amorphous polyphosphate,and molybdenum disulfide as well as a small amount of Mo2C accounts for the increase in the wear resistance of DLC coating under boundary lubrication.

Combinatorial analysis of transcription and metabolism reveals the regulatory network associated with antioxidant substances in waxy corn

Maize is an essential source of nutrition for humans and animals and is rich in various metabolites that determine its quality.Different maize varieties show significant differences in metabolite content.Two kinds of waxy maize parental materials,S181 and 49B,created by the Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,are widely grown in China.S181 shows higher starch and sugar contents than 49B.This study generated metabolic profiles to assess the differences between the two varieties.A total of 674 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed between the two varieties were identified by gas chromatography and untargeted metabolomics technology.These metabolites were associated with 21 categories,including antioxidant metabolites.Moreover,6415 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified by RNA-seq.Interestingly,these DEGs comprised starch and sugar synthesis pathway genes and 72 different transcription factor families.Among these,six families that were reported to play an essential role in plant antioxidant action accounted for 39.2%of the transcription factor families.Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)classification,the DEGs were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis,glycolysis/glucose metabolism,and the synthetic and metabolic pathways of antioxidant active substances.Furthermore,the correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolomics identified five key transcription factors(ZmbHLH172,ZmNAC44,ZmNAC-like18,ZmS1FA2,ZmERF172),one ubiquitin ligase gene(ZmE25A)and one sucrose synthase gene(ZmSS1).They likely contribute to the quality traits of waxy corn through involvement in the metabolic regulatory network of antioxidant substances.Thus,our results provide new insights into maize quality-related antioxidant metabolite networks and have potential applications for waxy corn breeding.

Heterobimetallic[NiCo]integration in a hydrogenase mimic for boosting light-driven hydrogen evolution in CaTiO_(3)

Light-drive hydrogen production using titanium-based perovskite is one sustainable way to reduce current reliance on fossil fuels,but its wide applications are still limited by high electron−hole recombination and sluggish surface reaction.Thus,the developments for low-cost and highly efficient co-catalysts remain urgent.Inspired by natural[NiFe]-hydrogenase active center structure,a hydrogenase-mimic,NiCo_(2)S_(4) nanozyme was synthesized,and subsequently decorated onto the CaTiO_(3) to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Among the following test,CaTiO_(3)with a 15%loading of NiCo_(2)S_(4) nanozyme exhibited the highest HER rate of 307.76μmol·g^(–1)·h^(–1),which is 60 times higher than that of the CaTiO_(3) alone.The results reveal that NiCo_(2)S_(4) not only significantly increased the charge separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers,but also substantively lowered the HER activation energy.Mechanism studies show that NiCo_(2)S_(4) readily splits H_(2)O by forming the Ni(OH)-Co intermediate and only Ni in the bimetallic center alters the oxidation state during the HER process in a manner analogous to the[NiFe]-hydrogenase.In contrast to the often-expensive synthetic catalysts that rely on rare elements such as ruthenium and platinum,this study shows a promising way to develop the nature-inspired cocatalysts to enhance the photocatalysts’HER performance.