Transnasal endoscopic approach for orbital apical cavernous hemangiomas:a case report

Cavernous hemangioma is the most primary benign orbital tumor in adults,and majority of cases could be easily settled by surgical treatment.However,cavernous hemangioma lodged deep in the orbital apex remained a challenge because the surgery may pose a high risk of injury to the optic nerve and significant visual loss.This presentation would report a case of cavernous hemangioma located in orbital apex who presented superonasal and inferotemporal peripheral vision defect.The patient received fully transnasal endoscopic surgery,and a 2 cm×1.5 cm tumor was successfully removed from the left orbital apex.The treatment results were satisfactory,with no after-effects and adverse reactions during follow-up.This case highlighted that transnasal endoscopic surgery is a promising technique for cavernous hemangiomas that are located deep in orbital apex.This approach provides direct pathway to tumor with limiting morbidity,maximal surgical field and ample illumination.The procedure represents a safe and less invasive management.

Grey-matter volume as a potential feature for the classification of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: an exploratory study

Specific patterns of brain atrophy may be helpful in the diagnosis of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. In the present study, we set out to evaluate the utility of grey-matter volume in the classification of AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment （aMCI） compared to normal control （NC）individuals. Voxel-based morphometric analyses were performed on structural MRIs from 35 AD patients, 27 aMCI patients, and 27 NC participants. A two-sample two-tailed t-test was computed between the NC and AD groups to create a map of abnormal grey matter in AD. The brain areas with significant differences were extracted as regions of interest （ROIs）, and the grey-matter volumes in the ROIs of the aMCI patients were included to evaluate the patterns of change across different disease severities. Next, correlation analyses between the grey-matter volumes in the ROIs and all clinical variables were performed in aMCI and AD patients to determine whether they varied with disease progression. The results revealed significantly decreased grey matter in the bilateral hippocampus/ parahippocampus, the bilateral superior/middle temporal gyri, and the right precuneus in AD patients.The grey-matter volumes with clinical variables were positively correlated Finally, we performed exploratory linear discriminative analyses to assess the classifying capacity of grey-matter volumes in the bilateral hippocampus and parahippocampus among AD, aMCI, and NC. Leave-one-out cross- validation analyses demonstrated that grey-matter volumes in hippocampus and parahippocampus accurately distinguished AD from NC. These findings indicate that grey-matter volumes are useful in the classification of AD.