Water logging is one of the major problems of land degradation in India.Unscientific management of soil,water and crops in irrigated lands,and obstruction of natural drainage systems by various developmental activitie...Water logging is one of the major problems of land degradation in India.Unscientific management of soil,water and crops in irrigated lands,and obstruction of natural drainage systems by various developmental activities are the main factors responsible for disrupting the balance of inflow and outflow of water,leading to water stagnation.While irrigation has increased by leaps and bounds,its attendant problem of water logging is now plaguing substantial area of agricultural lands.The low-lying areas of Kerala,the southernmost state of India,are potential areas of paddy production.But these areas are situated below the mean sea level and have serious problems of water-logging.About twenty five percent of total paddy lands in Kerala are water-logged;especially in Kuttanad,Pokkali,Kole and Kaipad areas.An integrated rice-shrimp/prawn farming are practiced in these areas.One rice crop followed by shrimp/prawn capture provides a substantial subsidiary income to the farmer.The major issues faced in these areas are mainly related to pollution,eutrophication,encroachment,reclamation,mining and biodiversity loss.As a result of denuding,polluting,draining,filling,etc.,these water-logged areas have been under severe threat.The potentiality of these areas should be exploited and necessary measures in conserving these areas need to be undertaken.Sustainable farming where a judicious mix of integrated enterprise concept of resource based planning based on public participation is slowly developing in these areas.A clear perspective and a management system that ensures participation and regulation in resource use are essential.展开更多
Aquatic weeds,the unabated plants completing life cycle in water,are a serious menace to the environment.Dense colonies of aquatic weeds are observed in the southern regions of Kerala which mainly includes Ernakulam,K...Aquatic weeds,the unabated plants completing life cycle in water,are a serious menace to the environment.Dense colonies of aquatic weeds are observed in the southern regions of Kerala which mainly includes Ernakulam,Kottayam,Idukki and Alappuzha districts.The noxious aquatic weeds invade inland water masses,estuaries inshore regions of seas and are now abandoned.The rapid and excessive growth of aquatic weeds in varied and wide environmental condition limits the sustained performance of many drainage and irrigation system,reducing the productivity of agricultural land.Aquatic weeds are classified into emergent,floating and submerged weeds according to the various habitats.Many species are found in Kerala which were originally introduced into botanical gardens.The major aquatic weeds found in Kerala include Salvinia spp.,Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes,Alternanthera spp.,Azolla,common duckweed,and Hydrilla verticillata.Reduction or elimination of aquatic weeds is possible through well planned management strategies which includes preventive and control(biological,physical,chemical,eco-physiological)measures.A successful weed control program depends on the resources available,the weeds present and the ability to carry out effective control methods.Operational research and/or pilot projects have to be initiated in the problematic areas on long term basis,using technical recommendations derived from research experiments.展开更多
文摘Water logging is one of the major problems of land degradation in India.Unscientific management of soil,water and crops in irrigated lands,and obstruction of natural drainage systems by various developmental activities are the main factors responsible for disrupting the balance of inflow and outflow of water,leading to water stagnation.While irrigation has increased by leaps and bounds,its attendant problem of water logging is now plaguing substantial area of agricultural lands.The low-lying areas of Kerala,the southernmost state of India,are potential areas of paddy production.But these areas are situated below the mean sea level and have serious problems of water-logging.About twenty five percent of total paddy lands in Kerala are water-logged;especially in Kuttanad,Pokkali,Kole and Kaipad areas.An integrated rice-shrimp/prawn farming are practiced in these areas.One rice crop followed by shrimp/prawn capture provides a substantial subsidiary income to the farmer.The major issues faced in these areas are mainly related to pollution,eutrophication,encroachment,reclamation,mining and biodiversity loss.As a result of denuding,polluting,draining,filling,etc.,these water-logged areas have been under severe threat.The potentiality of these areas should be exploited and necessary measures in conserving these areas need to be undertaken.Sustainable farming where a judicious mix of integrated enterprise concept of resource based planning based on public participation is slowly developing in these areas.A clear perspective and a management system that ensures participation and regulation in resource use are essential.
文摘Aquatic weeds,the unabated plants completing life cycle in water,are a serious menace to the environment.Dense colonies of aquatic weeds are observed in the southern regions of Kerala which mainly includes Ernakulam,Kottayam,Idukki and Alappuzha districts.The noxious aquatic weeds invade inland water masses,estuaries inshore regions of seas and are now abandoned.The rapid and excessive growth of aquatic weeds in varied and wide environmental condition limits the sustained performance of many drainage and irrigation system,reducing the productivity of agricultural land.Aquatic weeds are classified into emergent,floating and submerged weeds according to the various habitats.Many species are found in Kerala which were originally introduced into botanical gardens.The major aquatic weeds found in Kerala include Salvinia spp.,Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes,Alternanthera spp.,Azolla,common duckweed,and Hydrilla verticillata.Reduction or elimination of aquatic weeds is possible through well planned management strategies which includes preventive and control(biological,physical,chemical,eco-physiological)measures.A successful weed control program depends on the resources available,the weeds present and the ability to carry out effective control methods.Operational research and/or pilot projects have to be initiated in the problematic areas on long term basis,using technical recommendations derived from research experiments.
