Synthesis methods of functionalized nanoparticles:a review

With the recent advancement in nanotechnology,nanoparticles(NPs)offer an ample variety of smart functions than conventional materials in various aspects.As compared to larger particles,NPs possess unique characteristics and excellent abilities,such as low toxicity,chemical stability,surface functionality,and biocompatibility.These advantageous properties allow them to be widely utilized in many applications,including biomedical applications,energy applications,IT applications,and industrial applications.In order to fulfill the increasing demands of NP applications,existing NP synthesis methods need to be improved based on the requirements of different applications to further their usage.A comprehensive understanding of the relationships between synthesis parameters and properties of NPs can help us better fine-tune them with designed properties and minimal toxicity.This review paper will discuss the commonly used synthesis methods of functionalized NPs,as well as future directions and challenges to develop various synthesis methods further.

Effects of Various Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of Fe-based Bulk Metallic Glass Processed via Selective Laser Melting at Constant Energy Density

The unique properties of bulk metallic glass(BMG)render it an excellent material for bone-implant applications.BMG samples are difficult to produce directly because of the critical cooling rate of molding.Advancements in additive manufacturing technologies,such as selective laser melting(SLM),have enabled the development of BMG.The successful production of materials via SLM relies significantly on the processing parameters;meanwhile,the overall energy density affects the crystallization and,thus,the final properties.Therefore,to further determine the effects of the processing parameters,SLM is performed in this study to print Fe-based BMG with different properties three dimensionally using selected processing parameters but a constant energy density.The printed amorphous Fe-based BMG outperforms the typical 316 L stainless steel(316 L SS)in terms of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.Moreover,observations from nanoindentation tests indicate that the hardness and elastic modulus of the Fe-based BMG can be customized explicitly by adjusting the SLM processing parameters.Indirect cytotoxicity results show that the Fe-based BMG can enhance the viability of SAOS2 cells,as compared with 316 L SS.These intriguing results show that Fe-based BMG should be investigated further for orthopedic implant applications.