The commercial open-ended coaxial probe(Agilent 85070E)is the most commonly used sensor to determine the permittivity of wet materials.This paper extends the usability and applicability of the sensor to the estimation...The commercial open-ended coaxial probe(Agilent 85070E)is the most commonly used sensor to determine the permittivity of wet materials.This paper extends the usability and applicability of the sensor to the estimation of moisture content in Hevea Rubber Latex.The dielectric constant and loss factor were measured using the commercial probe whilst the moisture contents were obtained using the standard oven drying method.Comparison results were obtained between the different dielectric models to predict moisture content in latex.Both the dielectric constant and the loss factor of rubber latex linearly increased with moisture content at all selected frequencies.Calibration equations were established to relate both the dielectric constant and the loss factor with moisture content.These equations were used to predict moisture content in Hevea latex from measured values of the dielectric constant and the loss factor.The lowest mean relative error between actual and predicted moisture contents was 0.02 at 1 GHz when using the Cole-Cole dielectric constant calibration equation.展开更多
Quaternary glasses were successfully fabricated using melt quenching technique based on the chemical compound composition(x)Bi_(2)O_(3)–(0:5-x)ZnO-(0.2)B_(2)O_(3)–(0.3)SiO_(2),where(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.45)mole.The s...Quaternary glasses were successfully fabricated using melt quenching technique based on the chemical compound composition(x)Bi_(2)O_(3)–(0:5-x)ZnO-(0.2)B_(2)O_(3)–(0.3)SiO_(2),where(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.45)mole.The sources of SiO_(2)was produced from rice husk ash(RHA)at 99.36%of SiO_(2).The Urbach energy was increased from 0.16 eV to the 0.29 eV as the mole of Bi_(2)O_(3)increased in the glass structure.The indirect energy band gap is indicated in decrement pattern with 3.15 eV towards 2.51 eV.The results of Urbach energy and band gap energy that were obtained are due to the increment of Bi^(3+)ion in the glass network.The refractive indexes for the prepared glasses were evaluated at 2.36 to 2.54 based on the Lorentz–Lorentz formulation which correlated to the energy band gap.The calculated of molar polarizability,electronic polarizability and optical basicity exemplify fine complement to the Bi_(2)O_(3)addition in the glass network.The glass sample was indicated in amorphous state.展开更多
基金Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation(MOSTI)for National Science Fellowship(NSF).
文摘The commercial open-ended coaxial probe(Agilent 85070E)is the most commonly used sensor to determine the permittivity of wet materials.This paper extends the usability and applicability of the sensor to the estimation of moisture content in Hevea Rubber Latex.The dielectric constant and loss factor were measured using the commercial probe whilst the moisture contents were obtained using the standard oven drying method.Comparison results were obtained between the different dielectric models to predict moisture content in latex.Both the dielectric constant and the loss factor of rubber latex linearly increased with moisture content at all selected frequencies.Calibration equations were established to relate both the dielectric constant and the loss factor with moisture content.These equations were used to predict moisture content in Hevea latex from measured values of the dielectric constant and the loss factor.The lowest mean relative error between actual and predicted moisture contents was 0.02 at 1 GHz when using the Cole-Cole dielectric constant calibration equation.
基金the University Science Malaysia for the financial support for this research under two USM(Short Term Grant)which are 304/PFIZIK/6313152 and 304/PFIZIK/6313249.
文摘Quaternary glasses were successfully fabricated using melt quenching technique based on the chemical compound composition(x)Bi_(2)O_(3)–(0:5-x)ZnO-(0.2)B_(2)O_(3)–(0.3)SiO_(2),where(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.45)mole.The sources of SiO_(2)was produced from rice husk ash(RHA)at 99.36%of SiO_(2).The Urbach energy was increased from 0.16 eV to the 0.29 eV as the mole of Bi_(2)O_(3)increased in the glass structure.The indirect energy band gap is indicated in decrement pattern with 3.15 eV towards 2.51 eV.The results of Urbach energy and band gap energy that were obtained are due to the increment of Bi^(3+)ion in the glass network.The refractive indexes for the prepared glasses were evaluated at 2.36 to 2.54 based on the Lorentz–Lorentz formulation which correlated to the energy band gap.The calculated of molar polarizability,electronic polarizability and optical basicity exemplify fine complement to the Bi_(2)O_(3)addition in the glass network.The glass sample was indicated in amorphous state.
