A method to extract and analyze Sudan I present in Sunset Yellow FCF (SYF) products was developed and validated. The method included the simple extraction of Sudan I from the SYF product using water, acetonitrile, and...A method to extract and analyze Sudan I present in Sunset Yellow FCF (SYF) products was developed and validated. The method included the simple extraction of Sudan I from the SYF product using water, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with isocratic elution using acetonitrile:water (7:3) with a photodiode array detector at 485 nm. This method was found to remove most of the excess SYF colorant and other impurities before injection to the HPLC instrument, making it easy to maintain precision control in routine laboratory tests for Sudan I in the SYF colorant. The detection limit of Sudan I in SYF products was 0.2 μg/g. A survey conducted to determine Sudan I in 13 commercial SYF samples from Japanese manufacturers from 1970 to 2010 showed that the levels of Sudan I ranged from 0.3 to 1.9 μg/g in products manufactured from 1970 to 1996 and were below the limit of detection in products manufactured after 2005.展开更多
The B7 family member B7-H3 is broadly expressed in many tissue and tumor types. B7-H3 expression is induced on some immune cells;however, its immunological function remains controversial, because both immunoenhancing ...The B7 family member B7-H3 is broadly expressed in many tissue and tumor types. B7-H3 expression is induced on some immune cells;however, its immunological function remains controversial, because both immunoenhancing and immunoinhibitory effects have been reported in human and mouse systems. We have previously reported the following: 1) murine B7-H3 specifically bound to Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-like transcript 2 (TLT-2, TREML2), a member of the TREM family of receptors;and 2) the B7-H3:TLT-2 pathway up-regulated T cell responses. However, the expression and function of human TLT-2 has not yet been clarified. A recent study found no evidence to support the existence of an interacttion between human B7-H3 and TLT-2. In this study, we demonstrated that human B7-H3 binds to TLT-2 and augments T cell responses. Human and mouse B7-H3Ig chimeric proteins cross-interacted with both human and mouse species of TLT-2-transduced cells. Human TLT-2 was expressed on freshly isolated, peripheral blood B cells and monocytes, and subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Human TLT-2 expression on T cells did not correlate with na?ve or memory phenotypes and was diminished after culture, despite the presence of mitogenic stimuli. Constitutive TLT-2 expression on monocytes was also down-regulated after culture. Human B7-H3 transfectants augment IL-2 production from TLT-2-transduced T cell hybridomas, and IFN-γ production from peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The enhanced responses were inhibited by the addition of anti-TLT-2 mAbs, suggesting TLT-2-mediated costimulatory effect. Our results demonstrate the existence of a functional interaction between human B7-H3 and TLT-2, and the restricted expression of TLT-2 on T cells and monocytes.展开更多
文摘A method to extract and analyze Sudan I present in Sunset Yellow FCF (SYF) products was developed and validated. The method included the simple extraction of Sudan I from the SYF product using water, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with isocratic elution using acetonitrile:water (7:3) with a photodiode array detector at 485 nm. This method was found to remove most of the excess SYF colorant and other impurities before injection to the HPLC instrument, making it easy to maintain precision control in routine laboratory tests for Sudan I in the SYF colorant. The detection limit of Sudan I in SYF products was 0.2 μg/g. A survey conducted to determine Sudan I in 13 commercial SYF samples from Japanese manufacturers from 1970 to 2010 showed that the levels of Sudan I ranged from 0.3 to 1.9 μg/g in products manufactured from 1970 to 1996 and were below the limit of detection in products manufactured after 2005.
文摘The B7 family member B7-H3 is broadly expressed in many tissue and tumor types. B7-H3 expression is induced on some immune cells;however, its immunological function remains controversial, because both immunoenhancing and immunoinhibitory effects have been reported in human and mouse systems. We have previously reported the following: 1) murine B7-H3 specifically bound to Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-like transcript 2 (TLT-2, TREML2), a member of the TREM family of receptors;and 2) the B7-H3:TLT-2 pathway up-regulated T cell responses. However, the expression and function of human TLT-2 has not yet been clarified. A recent study found no evidence to support the existence of an interacttion between human B7-H3 and TLT-2. In this study, we demonstrated that human B7-H3 binds to TLT-2 and augments T cell responses. Human and mouse B7-H3Ig chimeric proteins cross-interacted with both human and mouse species of TLT-2-transduced cells. Human TLT-2 was expressed on freshly isolated, peripheral blood B cells and monocytes, and subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Human TLT-2 expression on T cells did not correlate with na?ve or memory phenotypes and was diminished after culture, despite the presence of mitogenic stimuli. Constitutive TLT-2 expression on monocytes was also down-regulated after culture. Human B7-H3 transfectants augment IL-2 production from TLT-2-transduced T cell hybridomas, and IFN-γ production from peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The enhanced responses were inhibited by the addition of anti-TLT-2 mAbs, suggesting TLT-2-mediated costimulatory effect. Our results demonstrate the existence of a functional interaction between human B7-H3 and TLT-2, and the restricted expression of TLT-2 on T cells and monocytes.
