Despite the development and great progress in the field of space biology,the astronauts are still facing many challenges in space.The space environment in which astronauts stay includes microgravity,noise,circadian rh...Despite the development and great progress in the field of space biology,the astronauts are still facing many challenges in space.The space environment in which astronauts stay includes microgravity,noise,circadian rhythms disorder,and confinement,which has deep effect both on the physiology and psychology of astronauts.It was reported that long-term flight could cause the astronauts’anxiety and depression.However,the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood.Therefore,in the present study,the rat tail suspension model with noise,circadian rhythms,and confinement was employed to simulate complex space environment.We found that the rats exhibited the depressive-like behavior by the sucrose preference,forced swimming,and open-field tests.The membrane proteome of the rat hippocampus was investigated by“SWATH quantitation”technology both in control and simulated complex space environment(SCSE)groups.Out of 4520 quantified proteins,244 differentially expressed membrane proteins were obtained between the SCSE and control rats,which were functionally enriched in a series of biological processes,such as translation,protein phosphorylation,brain development,endocytosis,nervous system development,axonogenesis,and vesicle-mediated transport.We found a reduction level of neurexin-2,the light,medium,heavy polypeptide of neurofilament,rab 18,synaptogyrin 1,and syntaxin-1A and an increase level of neuroligin-1,munc18,snapin,synaptotagmin XII,complexin-1,etc.,which may play a key part in the development of depression.Furthermore,GSK-3βprotein was upregulated in mass spectrometry,which was further validated by western blotting.The results of the study do the favor in designing the effective countermeasures for the astronauts in the future long-term spaceflight.展开更多
Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans) is distinguished by the most radioresistant organism ever known, and can tolerate extreme environments such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, oxidation, and desicca...Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans) is distinguished by the most radioresistant organism ever known, and can tolerate extreme environments such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, oxidation, and desiccation. D. radiodurans is an important model for studying DNA damage/repair and redox regulation upon high dose ionizing radiation. How D. radiodurans response and repair ROS-induced oxidative damage remains a subject of ongoing investigation. This review provides an overview of the radioresistance characteristics of D. radiodurans. Among them, the DNA damage repair pathway and high-efficiency antioxidant defense system are summarized in detail. Furthermore, a novel model that protects the cell against the ionizing radiation is proposed. This review also discusses the potential application , future challenges and directions in advancing towards D. radiodurans studies.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81801073).
文摘Despite the development and great progress in the field of space biology,the astronauts are still facing many challenges in space.The space environment in which astronauts stay includes microgravity,noise,circadian rhythms disorder,and confinement,which has deep effect both on the physiology and psychology of astronauts.It was reported that long-term flight could cause the astronauts’anxiety and depression.However,the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood.Therefore,in the present study,the rat tail suspension model with noise,circadian rhythms,and confinement was employed to simulate complex space environment.We found that the rats exhibited the depressive-like behavior by the sucrose preference,forced swimming,and open-field tests.The membrane proteome of the rat hippocampus was investigated by“SWATH quantitation”technology both in control and simulated complex space environment(SCSE)groups.Out of 4520 quantified proteins,244 differentially expressed membrane proteins were obtained between the SCSE and control rats,which were functionally enriched in a series of biological processes,such as translation,protein phosphorylation,brain development,endocytosis,nervous system development,axonogenesis,and vesicle-mediated transport.We found a reduction level of neurexin-2,the light,medium,heavy polypeptide of neurofilament,rab 18,synaptogyrin 1,and syntaxin-1A and an increase level of neuroligin-1,munc18,snapin,synaptotagmin XII,complexin-1,etc.,which may play a key part in the development of depression.Furthermore,GSK-3βprotein was upregulated in mass spectrometry,which was further validated by western blotting.The results of the study do the favor in designing the effective countermeasures for the astronauts in the future long-term spaceflight.
基金supported by the National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of China(Project number:202010007748).
文摘Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans) is distinguished by the most radioresistant organism ever known, and can tolerate extreme environments such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, oxidation, and desiccation. D. radiodurans is an important model for studying DNA damage/repair and redox regulation upon high dose ionizing radiation. How D. radiodurans response and repair ROS-induced oxidative damage remains a subject of ongoing investigation. This review provides an overview of the radioresistance characteristics of D. radiodurans. Among them, the DNA damage repair pathway and high-efficiency antioxidant defense system are summarized in detail. Furthermore, a novel model that protects the cell against the ionizing radiation is proposed. This review also discusses the potential application , future challenges and directions in advancing towards D. radiodurans studies.
