Potential relevance of pig gut content transplantation for production and research

It is becoming increasingly evident that the gastrointestinal microbiota has a significant impact on the overall health and production of the pig.This has led to intensified research on the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota,factors affecting it,and the impact of the microbiota on health,growth performance,and more recently,behavior of the host.Swine production research has been heavily focused on assessing the effects of feed additives and dietary modifications to alter or take advantage of select characteristics of gastrointestinal microbes to improve health and feed conversion efficiency.Research on faecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) as a possible tool to improve outcomes in pigs through manipulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome is very recent and limited data is available.Results on FMT in humans demonstrating the transfer of phenotypic traits from donors to recipients and the high efficacy of FMT to treat Clostridium difficile infections in humans,together with data from pigs relating GI-tract microbiota composition with growth performance has likely played an important role in the interest towards this strategy in pig production.However,several factors can influence the impact of FMT on the recipient,and these need to be identified and optimized before this tool can be applied to pig production.There are obvious inherent biosecurity and regulatory issues in this strategy,since the donor's microbiome can never be completely screened for all possible non-desirable microorganisms.However,considering the success observed in humans,it seems worth investigating this strategy for certain applications in pig production.Further,FMT research may lead to the identification of specific bacterial group(s) essential for a particular outcome,resulting in the development of banks of clones which can be used as targeted therapeutics,rather than the broader approach applied in FMT.This review examines the factors associated with the use of FMT,and its potential application to swine production,and includes research on using the pig as model for human medical purposes.

不同乙酸浓度的液体发酵饲料对猪生长性能的影响

已经证实饲喂液体发酵饲料(FLF)有益于猪的胃肠道健康。然而,饲喂FLF的乳猪及育成猪的生长性能变异较大,且与饲喂非FLF或干饲料相比,饲喂FLF通常会降低猪的采食量。FLF中的微生物代谢产物(乙酸)的累积,可能伴随着饲料p H的降低,最终通过破坏适口性来降低饲料的采食量。但是,这个假设目前为止还未作深入的研究,本次试验意在探查FLF中的乙酸浓度对断奶仔猪采食量的影响。试验使用3种含有不同乙酸浓度的FLF日粮(30mM、60mM及120mM)。试验分为3组,每组20只仔猪,4周龄断奶且单独饲养,断奶后采用试验日粮饲喂6周,每周检测仔猪的采食量和体重变化。试验结果显示,高乙酸浓度的FLF略微降低饲料的pH,在不影响体增重的情况下,降低仔猪的饲料采食量。看似矛盾的结果可能由于饲喂液体饲料很难准确测定仔猪干物质采食量所导致的。总之,通常FLF中的乙酸浓度并不会显著影响仔猪的生长性能。

饲料加工方式对发酵过程中游离赖氨酸微生物降解的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲料加工方式对液体饲料在发酵过程中游离赖氨酸的微生物降解的影响。在生长期仔猪的基础日粮中添加游离氨基酸,试验分为两个处理:处理1将饲料制粒(83℃);处理2将饲料粉碎未加热。饲料与水混合(1:2.75,w/w),约25℃培养。在饲料与水混合的瞬间,粉料中的肠杆菌数量比颗粒饲料高,但发酵几个小时后,这两种加工饲料中细菌的数量相似。粉料中的乙酸含量比颗粒饲料高。发酵时,粉料中游离赖氨酸的降解率高于颗粒饲料。这是通过一个更有实力的FLF系统(实行回喷几天后)特别观测的。结论:数据显示,发酵时未制粒未加热的饲料中游离赖氨酸降解率高,而颗粒饲料中的游离赖氨酸在发酵时只发生了有限的降解。