The TMS5e sequence from the Tumen section, at the southern edge of Tengger Desert in the northwestern China, is synchronous with Marine Isotope Stage 5e （MIS5e）. It consists of 16 layers of aeolian dune sands, 11 la...The TMS5e sequence from the Tumen section, at the southern edge of Tengger Desert in the northwestern China, is synchronous with Marine Isotope Stage 5e （MIS5e）. It consists of 16 layers of aeolian dune sands, 11 layers of lacustrine loess-like facies, and 5 layers of lacustrine facies. The results of grain-size analysis shows that the pa- laeo-mobile dune sands, palaeo-fixed to semi-fixed dune sands and loess-like sandy loams are mainly composed of sands, ranging from 70% to 96%; their silt contents ranged from 4% to 20%, and their clay contents ranged from 1% to 5%; the climate under which the aeolian dune sands were deposited is similar to that under which modern mobile dune sands form, which is caused by the dominance of the cold, dry East Asian winter monsoon. In contrast, the lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies had a lower sand contents than those of the three aeolian dune sands, but have higher silt and clay contents, most of their sand content ranged from 30% to 60%, their silt contents ranged from 35% to 55%, and their clay contents ranged from 6% to 20%. The lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies formed under the influence of the warm, humid East Asian summer monsoon based on their similarity with modern sediments. The grain-size indicator Mz （mean grain diameter） and the SC/D value in the TMS5e sequence indicate climatic insta- bility at the southern edge of the Tengger Desert during MIS5e, with at least 14 fluctuations between a warm, humid climate and a cold, dry climate, divided into five stages： TMS5e5 （139 kyr to 129.3 kyr B.P.）, TMS5e4 （129.3 kyr to 124 kyr B.P.）, TMS5e3 （124 kyr to 119.5 kyr B.P.）, TMS5e2 （119.5 kyr to 116.5 kyr B.P.）, and TMS5el （116.5 kyr to 113.7 kyr B.P.）. These correspond roughly to MIS5e5, MIS5e4, MIS5e3, MIS5e2, and MIS5el, respectively, in the GRIP ice core data.展开更多
The components of the primary elements in the dune sands for the MGS1 subsection of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley, compared with those of modern dune sands, show that they were caused by East A...The components of the primary elements in the dune sands for the MGS1 subsection of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley, compared with those of modern dune sands, show that they were caused by East Asian winter monsoon in the Mu Us desert during Holocene. The examined ages for the 11 layers of dune sands, based on the average sedimentary rate, are： 0 to 960, 1350-2240, 2470 to 3530, 4000 to 4180, 4290 to 4350, 4380 to 4760, 5040 to 5920, 6570 to 8270, 9020 to 9700, 9880 to 10160 and 10580 to 11080 a BP, respectively. The climatic events indicated by these dune sands are consistent with those records in the Huguangyan volcanic lake, Zoige peat bog, Hulu cave and Dunde ice core, particularly with the climatic fluctuations of the North Atlantic since 11 000 a BP. Among them, patterns from B0 to B8 correspond to the peak values of 0MD, 2D, 4D, 6D＋8D＋10D, 12D, 14D, 16D, 18D and 20D respectively. It might be caused by the North Atlantic ice age induced by the heat circulation, which strengthened the polar high pressure and Siberian-Mongolian high pressure and further led to the dominance of the winter monsoon over China＇s desert area.展开更多
Studies of lithology, sedimentary facies and the distribution regularity of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and Al2O3/SiO2 ratio allow us to divide the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Series represented by the MUanggouwan section ...Studies of lithology, sedimentary facies and the distribution regularity of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and Al2O3/SiO2 ratio allow us to divide the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Series represented by the MUanggouwan section in China＇s Salawnsu River valley into six segments： MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6. The boundary ages for MGS1 （the Dishaogouwan and Dagouwan Formations）, MGS2 （the upper Chengchuan Formation）, MGS3 （the middle Chengchuan Formation）, MGS4 （the lower Chengchuan Formation）, MGS5 （most strata of the Salawusu Formation） and MGS6 （the bottom of the Salawusu Formation and the top of the Lishi Formation） correspond to those of MIS1, MIS2, MIS3, MIS4, MISS and MIS6, respectively, from deep sea sediments or continental glaciers. MGS5 can be subdivided into five subsegments （MGS5a, MGS5b, MGS5c, MGS5d and MGS5e） and the boundary ages of these subsegments correspond to those of MISSa, MISSb, MIS5c, MIS5d and MIS5e, respectively. Based on the paleoenvironment and paleoecology indicated by the primary chemical elements, fossil vertebrates, mollusks and pollen grains, we hypothesize that MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6 and the subsegments of MGS5 match the corresponding stages for oxygen isotopes in the deep sea sediments and continental glaciers, and the substages of MIS5 in terms of climatic characters, further explaining the phenomena that determined the formation of the late Quaternary strata and the paleontology of the Salawusu River valley. These phenomena relate to fluctuations in the global climate （and particularly in the East Asian monsoon） during the glacial and interglacial periods.展开更多
The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley includes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and thei...The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley includes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and their grain size, surface textural features and several main chemical elements have been analyzed. The results showed that： 1） Some of the aeolian structural characteristics of these dune sands are similar to that of the recent dune sands. 2） They are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain size components, and parameters of Mz,σ, Sk and Kg, as well as in several main chemical components. 3） The scattergrams of Mz-σ and SiO2-Al2O3＋TOFE and the probability curves of grain size showed that these paleo-dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies, but are consistency with recent dune sands. 4） Quartz sands have well roundness and surface textural features such as dish-shaped pits, crescent-shaped pits, pockmarked pits, upturned cleavage plates, siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses, indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind. As the 11 layers of paleo-dune sands possess the aeolian characteristics in structure, grain size, surface textural features and chemical elements, the origin of their formation should be attributed to eolation.展开更多
＂Ejin Section＂ found in a typical vegetation-covered sand dune in Ejin Oasis was investigated. In this study, 263 samples were taken from the section for grain-size analysis, 25 for chemical analysis, 11 for ^14C da...＂Ejin Section＂ found in a typical vegetation-covered sand dune in Ejin Oasis was investigated. In this study, 263 samples were taken from the section for grain-size analysis, 25 for chemical analysis, 11 for ^14C dating and 6 for scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results of the study indicate that 3 types of the sediments in the section can be identified, YS, LS and ST. YS, homogeneous yellow-brown dune sands, is equal to those of inland deserts, LS, loess-like sandy soils, is the same as the sandy loess in the middle Yellow River and modem falling dusts, and ST, sandy sediments interbeded with the deadwood and defoliation of Tamarix spp, represents the depositional process of the section interrupted by abrupt changes in climate. The Ejin Section has recorded the repeated dust-storms or sandstorms since 2500 yr BP and the peak periods of the dust-storms or sandstorms revealed by the section are consistent with the records of ＂dust rains＂ in historical literatures, indicating that the change of climate is a key factor to increase sandstorms or dust-storms, whereas, ＂artificial＂ factor may only be an accelerating one for desertification.展开更多
The paleoenvironment indicated by the geochronology,major oxides——SiO2,Al2O3 and TOFE(Fe2O3 + FeO),and CIA(Chemical Index of Alteration) value of the red earth and brown-yellow silt primarily characterized by the Li...The paleoenvironment indicated by the geochronology,major oxides——SiO2,Al2O3 and TOFE(Fe2O3 + FeO),and CIA(Chemical Index of Alteration) value of the red earth and brown-yellow silt primarily characterized by the Linjiang stratigraphic section,based on the geological investigation of Late Quaternary along the river banks of northeastern part of China's Guangdong Province,south to the Nanling Mountains,allow us to hypothesize that the red earth on the first terrace in northeastern part of Guangdong belongs to reticulated red clay developed in a hot-wet environment of the last interglacial period(132―73 ka BP),similar to the monsoon environment in the northern margin of modern tropical zone,while the overlying brown-yellow silt layer mainly accumulated in a monsoon environment of warm temperate zone in the last glacial period(73―11 ka BP),with the aeolian sand LJ3 representing an extreme period of worsening climate.Such a hypothesis corresponds well with predecessors' research on the paleoenvironment indicated by abundant fossils in both south and east to the Nanling Mountains.Hence,it follows that the bioclimatic zone did experience a large and rapid vicissitude in northeastern part of China's Guangdong Province,and even in the full extent of the region south to the Nanling Mountains from the last interglacial period to the last glacial period,with the red earth being replaced by the brown-yellow silty sediment,and even maybe with the Ailuropoda-Stegodon Fauna being replaced by the Penghu Fauna.This study may provide an important geological demonstration for the environmental response to global change in China's low latitudes on a 10 ka scale.展开更多
基金Foundation item:Under the auspices of State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.SKLLQG0901,SKLLQG1013)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No.20094407120004)
文摘The TMS5e sequence from the Tumen section, at the southern edge of Tengger Desert in the northwestern China, is synchronous with Marine Isotope Stage 5e （MIS5e）. It consists of 16 layers of aeolian dune sands, 11 layers of lacustrine loess-like facies, and 5 layers of lacustrine facies. The results of grain-size analysis shows that the pa- laeo-mobile dune sands, palaeo-fixed to semi-fixed dune sands and loess-like sandy loams are mainly composed of sands, ranging from 70% to 96%; their silt contents ranged from 4% to 20%, and their clay contents ranged from 1% to 5%; the climate under which the aeolian dune sands were deposited is similar to that under which modern mobile dune sands form, which is caused by the dominance of the cold, dry East Asian winter monsoon. In contrast, the lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies had a lower sand contents than those of the three aeolian dune sands, but have higher silt and clay contents, most of their sand content ranged from 30% to 60%, their silt contents ranged from 35% to 55%, and their clay contents ranged from 6% to 20%. The lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies formed under the influence of the warm, humid East Asian summer monsoon based on their similarity with modern sediments. The grain-size indicator Mz （mean grain diameter） and the SC/D value in the TMS5e sequence indicate climatic insta- bility at the southern edge of the Tengger Desert during MIS5e, with at least 14 fluctuations between a warm, humid climate and a cold, dry climate, divided into five stages： TMS5e5 （139 kyr to 129.3 kyr B.P.）, TMS5e4 （129.3 kyr to 124 kyr B.P.）, TMS5e3 （124 kyr to 119.5 kyr B.P.）, TMS5e2 （119.5 kyr to 116.5 kyr B.P.）, and TMS5el （116.5 kyr to 113.7 kyr B.P.）. These correspond roughly to MIS5e5, MIS5e4, MIS5e3, MIS5e2, and MIS5el, respectively, in the GRIP ice core data.
基金National Basic Research Program of China, No.2004CB720206 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40772118+1 种基金 No.49971009 Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-SW-118
文摘The components of the primary elements in the dune sands for the MGS1 subsection of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley, compared with those of modern dune sands, show that they were caused by East Asian winter monsoon in the Mu Us desert during Holocene. The examined ages for the 11 layers of dune sands, based on the average sedimentary rate, are： 0 to 960, 1350-2240, 2470 to 3530, 4000 to 4180, 4290 to 4350, 4380 to 4760, 5040 to 5920, 6570 to 8270, 9020 to 9700, 9880 to 10160 and 10580 to 11080 a BP, respectively. The climatic events indicated by these dune sands are consistent with those records in the Huguangyan volcanic lake, Zoige peat bog, Hulu cave and Dunde ice core, particularly with the climatic fluctuations of the North Atlantic since 11 000 a BP. Among them, patterns from B0 to B8 correspond to the peak values of 0MD, 2D, 4D, 6D＋8D＋10D, 12D, 14D, 16D, 18D and 20D respectively. It might be caused by the North Atlantic ice age induced by the heat circulation, which strengthened the polar high pressure and Siberian-Mongolian high pressure and further led to the dominance of the winter monsoon over China＇s desert area.
基金This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2004CB720206） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 49971009）the RGC （HKU 7243/04H） Grant of the HKSAR and the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. KZCX2-SW-118）
文摘Studies of lithology, sedimentary facies and the distribution regularity of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and Al2O3/SiO2 ratio allow us to divide the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Series represented by the MUanggouwan section in China＇s Salawnsu River valley into six segments： MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6. The boundary ages for MGS1 （the Dishaogouwan and Dagouwan Formations）, MGS2 （the upper Chengchuan Formation）, MGS3 （the middle Chengchuan Formation）, MGS4 （the lower Chengchuan Formation）, MGS5 （most strata of the Salawusu Formation） and MGS6 （the bottom of the Salawusu Formation and the top of the Lishi Formation） correspond to those of MIS1, MIS2, MIS3, MIS4, MISS and MIS6, respectively, from deep sea sediments or continental glaciers. MGS5 can be subdivided into five subsegments （MGS5a, MGS5b, MGS5c, MGS5d and MGS5e） and the boundary ages of these subsegments correspond to those of MISSa, MISSb, MIS5c, MIS5d and MIS5e, respectively. Based on the paleoenvironment and paleoecology indicated by the primary chemical elements, fossil vertebrates, mollusks and pollen grains, we hypothesize that MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6 and the subsegments of MGS5 match the corresponding stages for oxygen isotopes in the deep sea sediments and continental glaciers, and the substages of MIS5 in terms of climatic characters, further explaining the phenomena that determined the formation of the late Quaternary strata and the paleontology of the Salawusu River valley. These phenomena relate to fluctuations in the global climate （and particularly in the East Asian monsoon） during the glacial and interglacial periods.
基金National Basic Research Program of China, No.2004CB720206 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40772118+1 种基金 No.49971009 The RGC Grant of the HKSAR, No.HKU 7243/04H The authors appreciate Zhang Huanxin and Song Weijia, Sun Zhong and Wang Yuanping for their analyses of grain size, chemical elements and Surface texture characteristics of quartz sands. Gratitude is owed to Xiao Zhaodi and Zheng Jiefang for their valuable advice on translation.
文摘The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley includes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and their grain size, surface textural features and several main chemical elements have been analyzed. The results showed that： 1） Some of the aeolian structural characteristics of these dune sands are similar to that of the recent dune sands. 2） They are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain size components, and parameters of Mz,σ, Sk and Kg, as well as in several main chemical components. 3） The scattergrams of Mz-σ and SiO2-Al2O3＋TOFE and the probability curves of grain size showed that these paleo-dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies, but are consistency with recent dune sands. 4） Quartz sands have well roundness and surface textural features such as dish-shaped pits, crescent-shaped pits, pockmarked pits, upturned cleavage plates, siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses, indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind. As the 11 layers of paleo-dune sands possess the aeolian characteristics in structure, grain size, surface textural features and chemical elements, the origin of their formation should be attributed to eolation.
基金National Basic Research Program of China, No.2004CB720206 Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-SW-118
文摘＂Ejin Section＂ found in a typical vegetation-covered sand dune in Ejin Oasis was investigated. In this study, 263 samples were taken from the section for grain-size analysis, 25 for chemical analysis, 11 for ^14C dating and 6 for scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results of the study indicate that 3 types of the sediments in the section can be identified, YS, LS and ST. YS, homogeneous yellow-brown dune sands, is equal to those of inland deserts, LS, loess-like sandy soils, is the same as the sandy loess in the middle Yellow River and modem falling dusts, and ST, sandy sediments interbeded with the deadwood and defoliation of Tamarix spp, represents the depositional process of the section interrupted by abrupt changes in climate. The Ejin Section has recorded the repeated dust-storms or sandstorms since 2500 yr BP and the peak periods of the dust-storms or sandstorms revealed by the section are consistent with the records of ＂dust rains＂ in historical literatures, indicating that the change of climate is a key factor to increase sandstorms or dust-storms, whereas, ＂artificial＂ factor may only be an accelerating one for desertification.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40471139)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2004CB720206)+1 种基金the Special Fund of Scientific Research for Doctoral Subjects of Chinese Universities (Grant No. 20070574005)the RGC Grant of the HKSAR (HKU7243/04H)
文摘The paleoenvironment indicated by the geochronology,major oxides——SiO2,Al2O3 and TOFE(Fe2O3 + FeO),and CIA(Chemical Index of Alteration) value of the red earth and brown-yellow silt primarily characterized by the Linjiang stratigraphic section,based on the geological investigation of Late Quaternary along the river banks of northeastern part of China's Guangdong Province,south to the Nanling Mountains,allow us to hypothesize that the red earth on the first terrace in northeastern part of Guangdong belongs to reticulated red clay developed in a hot-wet environment of the last interglacial period(132―73 ka BP),similar to the monsoon environment in the northern margin of modern tropical zone,while the overlying brown-yellow silt layer mainly accumulated in a monsoon environment of warm temperate zone in the last glacial period(73―11 ka BP),with the aeolian sand LJ3 representing an extreme period of worsening climate.Such a hypothesis corresponds well with predecessors' research on the paleoenvironment indicated by abundant fossils in both south and east to the Nanling Mountains.Hence,it follows that the bioclimatic zone did experience a large and rapid vicissitude in northeastern part of China's Guangdong Province,and even in the full extent of the region south to the Nanling Mountains from the last interglacial period to the last glacial period,with the red earth being replaced by the brown-yellow silty sediment,and even maybe with the Ailuropoda-Stegodon Fauna being replaced by the Penghu Fauna.This study may provide an important geological demonstration for the environmental response to global change in China's low latitudes on a 10 ka scale.
