目的探讨胎儿鼻骨缺失和发育不良的产前诊断、遗传咨询、临床处理路径。方法2016年12月1日至2017年12月1日,在中国医学科学院北京协和医院产检的孕妇中,发现鼻骨发育异常26例,根据是否合并其他超声异常,分为孤立性和非孤立性鼻骨发育异...目的探讨胎儿鼻骨缺失和发育不良的产前诊断、遗传咨询、临床处理路径。方法2016年12月1日至2017年12月1日,在中国医学科学院北京协和医院产检的孕妇中,发现鼻骨发育异常26例,根据是否合并其他超声异常,分为孤立性和非孤立性鼻骨发育异常两组。所有病例均行产前染色体核型分析及染色体微阵列分析(chromosomal microarray analysis,CMA),回顾性分析两组病例的临床资料、产前遗传学诊断结果和妊娠结局。结果孤立性鼻骨缺失或发育不良共18例,其中14例染色体核型分析及CMA结果未见异常,另4例CMA结果为临床意义不明的拷贝数变异(variants of unknown significance,VUS),偏良性,均继续妊娠,随访新生儿均正常。非孤立性鼻骨缺失或发育不良共8例,1例为21三体,2例为18三体,2例CMA结果为致病性拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)。3例染色体核型分析和CMA均未见异常,其中1例进一步行全外显子测序(whole exome sequencing,WES)分析,提示胎儿为RPGRIP1L基因的复合杂合突变,诊断为Meckel综合征。8例非孤立性鼻骨缺失或发育不良的病例中,7例孕妇选择终止妊娠,另1例双胎之一超声异常,畸形新生儿出生后即夭折。结论对于产前超声发现鼻骨发育异常的病例,无论其是否合并其他超声异常,均建议行包括CMA在内的产前遗传学诊断,必要时进一步行WES分析。展开更多
Background Medullary thyroid carcinoma （MTC） is a rare malignant tumour and usually difficult to diagnose with ultrasound. The aim of the study is to summarize the sonographic features of MTC and evaluate their diag...Background Medullary thyroid carcinoma （MTC） is a rare malignant tumour and usually difficult to diagnose with ultrasound. The aim of the study is to summarize the sonographic features of MTC and evaluate their diagnostic values.Methods We analyzed the sonographic features of 35 MTCs and 50 benign nodules with respect to nodular size,echogenecity, internal content, shape, height/width, border, peripheral halo, calcifications and colour flow pattern. The ratio of long to short axis, echogenecity, internal content and calcifications were also assessed in cervical lymph nodes.The differences in sonographic features between MTCs and benign nodules were analyzed with Chi square test. The diagnostic efficiency of each sonographic feature was determined.Results The main sonographic features of MTC were hypoechogenicity （including marked hypoechogenicity） （n=34,97%）, internal solid content （n=29, 83%）, taller than wide （n=34, 97%）, well defined border （n=24, 69%）,microcalcifications or macrocalcifications （n=23, 66%）. The echogenicity, internal content, shape, peripheral halo and calcifications were significantly different between these two groups, while the tall/wide, border, and pednodular and intranodular vascularisation were not significantly different. Among all the individual sonographic features, irregular shape had the highest diagnostic efficiency with a sensitivity of 51% and specificity of 92%. The combination of marked hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, and irregular shape yielded a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 86%.Conclusions The typical sonographic features of MTC are hypoechogenicity, predominantly solid, irregularly shaped with intranodular micro- or macro-calcifications. The combination of multiple sonographic features is helpful, but not definitive, for the diagnosis of MTC.展开更多
文摘目的探讨胎儿鼻骨缺失和发育不良的产前诊断、遗传咨询、临床处理路径。方法2016年12月1日至2017年12月1日,在中国医学科学院北京协和医院产检的孕妇中,发现鼻骨发育异常26例,根据是否合并其他超声异常,分为孤立性和非孤立性鼻骨发育异常两组。所有病例均行产前染色体核型分析及染色体微阵列分析(chromosomal microarray analysis,CMA),回顾性分析两组病例的临床资料、产前遗传学诊断结果和妊娠结局。结果孤立性鼻骨缺失或发育不良共18例,其中14例染色体核型分析及CMA结果未见异常,另4例CMA结果为临床意义不明的拷贝数变异(variants of unknown significance,VUS),偏良性,均继续妊娠,随访新生儿均正常。非孤立性鼻骨缺失或发育不良共8例,1例为21三体,2例为18三体,2例CMA结果为致病性拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)。3例染色体核型分析和CMA均未见异常,其中1例进一步行全外显子测序(whole exome sequencing,WES)分析,提示胎儿为RPGRIP1L基因的复合杂合突变,诊断为Meckel综合征。8例非孤立性鼻骨缺失或发育不良的病例中,7例孕妇选择终止妊娠,另1例双胎之一超声异常,畸形新生儿出生后即夭折。结论对于产前超声发现鼻骨发育异常的病例,无论其是否合并其他超声异常,均建议行包括CMA在内的产前遗传学诊断,必要时进一步行WES分析。
文摘Background Medullary thyroid carcinoma （MTC） is a rare malignant tumour and usually difficult to diagnose with ultrasound. The aim of the study is to summarize the sonographic features of MTC and evaluate their diagnostic values.Methods We analyzed the sonographic features of 35 MTCs and 50 benign nodules with respect to nodular size,echogenecity, internal content, shape, height/width, border, peripheral halo, calcifications and colour flow pattern. The ratio of long to short axis, echogenecity, internal content and calcifications were also assessed in cervical lymph nodes.The differences in sonographic features between MTCs and benign nodules were analyzed with Chi square test. The diagnostic efficiency of each sonographic feature was determined.Results The main sonographic features of MTC were hypoechogenicity （including marked hypoechogenicity） （n=34,97%）, internal solid content （n=29, 83%）, taller than wide （n=34, 97%）, well defined border （n=24, 69%）,microcalcifications or macrocalcifications （n=23, 66%）. The echogenicity, internal content, shape, peripheral halo and calcifications were significantly different between these two groups, while the tall/wide, border, and pednodular and intranodular vascularisation were not significantly different. Among all the individual sonographic features, irregular shape had the highest diagnostic efficiency with a sensitivity of 51% and specificity of 92%. The combination of marked hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, and irregular shape yielded a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 86%.Conclusions The typical sonographic features of MTC are hypoechogenicity, predominantly solid, irregularly shaped with intranodular micro- or macro-calcifications. The combination of multiple sonographic features is helpful, but not definitive, for the diagnosis of MTC.
