The fruit peel of Citrus species(Chenpi),particularly those of mandarin oranges,is a useful source of food and medicine in China.Flavonoids from the citrus fruit peel are mainly polymethoxyflavones(PMFs),of which nobi...The fruit peel of Citrus species(Chenpi),particularly those of mandarin oranges,is a useful source of food and medicine in China.Flavonoids from the citrus fruit peel are mainly polymethoxyflavones(PMFs),of which nobiletin and tangeretin are the most abundant components.In the present review,we summarized the cytotoxic activities of these two PMFs to breast cancer cells.Studies have reported that these two compounds inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis,cytostatic cell death and cell cycle arrest,or by inhibiting cell proliferation,metastasis and tumour angiogenesis,depending on the molecular subtypes of breast cancer.In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities involve different molecular targets and signalling pathways.Analyses on the structure-activity relationship(SAR)of nobiletin and tangeretin have shown that the presence of a methoxy group at C8 and a hydroxyl group at C3 or C5 are essential for anti-proliferative activity.Some future perspectives and research needs are suggested.Sources of information are from Pub Med,Pub Med Central,Science Direct,Google Scholar,J-Stage,Pub Chem and CNKI using keyword search.展开更多
文摘The fruit peel of Citrus species(Chenpi),particularly those of mandarin oranges,is a useful source of food and medicine in China.Flavonoids from the citrus fruit peel are mainly polymethoxyflavones(PMFs),of which nobiletin and tangeretin are the most abundant components.In the present review,we summarized the cytotoxic activities of these two PMFs to breast cancer cells.Studies have reported that these two compounds inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis,cytostatic cell death and cell cycle arrest,or by inhibiting cell proliferation,metastasis and tumour angiogenesis,depending on the molecular subtypes of breast cancer.In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities involve different molecular targets and signalling pathways.Analyses on the structure-activity relationship(SAR)of nobiletin and tangeretin have shown that the presence of a methoxy group at C8 and a hydroxyl group at C3 or C5 are essential for anti-proliferative activity.Some future perspectives and research needs are suggested.Sources of information are from Pub Med,Pub Med Central,Science Direct,Google Scholar,J-Stage,Pub Chem and CNKI using keyword search.
