There is increasing awareness among the cardiology community regarding ictal bradyarrhythmias as a cause of loss of consciousness. A high degree of suspicion is necessary when diagnosing ictal bradyarrhythmias, and de...There is increasing awareness among the cardiology community regarding ictal bradyarrhythmias as a cause of loss of consciousness. A high degree of suspicion is necessary when diagnosing ictal bradyarrhythmias, and delay in diagnosing this condition may lead to morbidity associated with falls and trauma. Ictal bradyarrhythmias have also been suggested to be associated with sudden unexplained death in epilepsy, although evidence related to this association is limited. There is no guidelinedirected therapy for symptomatic ictal bradyarrhythmias due to a lack of randomized, controlled trials. Cardiac pacemaker therapy is commonly used for these patients; however, currently, there is no universal agreement on the pacing indications for these patients. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of ictal bradyarrhythmias and then discuss the pacing need based on the available literature data.展开更多
Introduction: Despite the presence of many prognostic and predictive factors, overtreatment remains a major problem in patients with breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of CD74 and HLA-D...Introduction: Despite the presence of many prognostic and predictive factors, overtreatment remains a major problem in patients with breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of CD74 and HLA-DR expressions on the prognosis of patients who have had a mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective search of medical records was carried out for patients who had surgery for breast cancer at the Department of General Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, between March 1984 and November 1999. Patients with regular follow-up and necessary data for the study (i.e. patients’ demographics, pathology results, and treatment characteristics) were included in the study. Paraffin blocks of tumor specimens were re-examined with immunohistochemical methods in March 2010 to determine the extent of CD74 and HLA-DR expression and the level of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs). Results: The mean age and the median duration of follow-up for the 41 participants were 48.29 ± 11.86 years and 125 months (range 115 to 135 months), respectively. Disease-free survival (DFS) in CD74 negative subjects was better than in CD74 positive patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.75). Similarly, HLA-DR negative and HLA-DR positive groups showed no statistically significant differences in terms of DFS (p = 0.81). Conclusion: There were positive but insignificant correlations with increased expression of CD74, decreased expression of HLA-DR, and TILs levels. Further studies involving larger sample sizes may provide more insight into these associations.展开更多
文摘There is increasing awareness among the cardiology community regarding ictal bradyarrhythmias as a cause of loss of consciousness. A high degree of suspicion is necessary when diagnosing ictal bradyarrhythmias, and delay in diagnosing this condition may lead to morbidity associated with falls and trauma. Ictal bradyarrhythmias have also been suggested to be associated with sudden unexplained death in epilepsy, although evidence related to this association is limited. There is no guidelinedirected therapy for symptomatic ictal bradyarrhythmias due to a lack of randomized, controlled trials. Cardiac pacemaker therapy is commonly used for these patients; however, currently, there is no universal agreement on the pacing indications for these patients. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of ictal bradyarrhythmias and then discuss the pacing need based on the available literature data.
文摘Introduction: Despite the presence of many prognostic and predictive factors, overtreatment remains a major problem in patients with breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of CD74 and HLA-DR expressions on the prognosis of patients who have had a mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective search of medical records was carried out for patients who had surgery for breast cancer at the Department of General Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, between March 1984 and November 1999. Patients with regular follow-up and necessary data for the study (i.e. patients’ demographics, pathology results, and treatment characteristics) were included in the study. Paraffin blocks of tumor specimens were re-examined with immunohistochemical methods in March 2010 to determine the extent of CD74 and HLA-DR expression and the level of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs). Results: The mean age and the median duration of follow-up for the 41 participants were 48.29 ± 11.86 years and 125 months (range 115 to 135 months), respectively. Disease-free survival (DFS) in CD74 negative subjects was better than in CD74 positive patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.75). Similarly, HLA-DR negative and HLA-DR positive groups showed no statistically significant differences in terms of DFS (p = 0.81). Conclusion: There were positive but insignificant correlations with increased expression of CD74, decreased expression of HLA-DR, and TILs levels. Further studies involving larger sample sizes may provide more insight into these associations.
