Despite the generally placid appearance of plants,many dynamicprocesses take place inside a plant cell.One such process thathas garnered attention in recent years is termed"autophagy."While originally discov...Despite the generally placid appearance of plants,many dynamicprocesses take place inside a plant cell.One such process thathas garnered attention in recent years is termed"autophagy."While originally discovered in yeast,our understanding of autophagy in plants has improved significantly.Autophagy is considered a cellular recycling system in which cellular components oreven entire organelles can be encapsulated by a membranestructure(autophagosome)and then transported to the vacuole(in plants)for degradation and re-use.展开更多
At12Cys-1 （At5g64400） and At12Cys-2 （At5g09570） are two closely related isogenes that encode small, twin cysteine proteins, typically located in mitochondria. At12Cys-2 transcript is induced in a variety of mutant...At12Cys-1 （At5g64400） and At12Cys-2 （At5g09570） are two closely related isogenes that encode small, twin cysteine proteins, typically located in mitochondria. At12Cys-2 transcript is induced in a variety of mutants with disrupted mitochondrial proteins, but an increase in At12Cys protein is only detected in mutants with reduced mitochondrial complex I abundance. Induction of At12Cys protein in mutants that lack mitochondrial complex I is accompanied by At12Cys protein located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the cytosoh Biochemical analyses revealed that even single gene deletions, i.e., At12cys-1 orAtl2cys-2, have an effect on mitochondrial and chloroplast functions. However, only double mutants, i.e., At12cys-1：At12cys.2, affect the abundance of protein and mRNA transcripts encoding translation elongation factors as well as rRNA abundance. Blue native PAGE showed that At12Cys co-migrated with mitochondrial supercomplex I ＋ lU. Likewise, deletion of both At12cys-1 and At12cys-2 genes, but not single gene deletions, results in enhanced tolerance to drought and light stress and increased anti-oxidant capacity. The induction and multiple localization of At12Cys upon a reduction in complex I abundance provides a mechanism to specifically signal mitochondrial dysfunction to the cytosol and then beyond to other organelles in the cell.展开更多
基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsrådet 2021-04358)the Carl Trygger Foundation(CTS 221981)Jörgen Lindström's Foundation.
文摘Despite the generally placid appearance of plants,many dynamicprocesses take place inside a plant cell.One such process thathas garnered attention in recent years is termed"autophagy."While originally discovered in yeast,our understanding of autophagy in plants has improved significantly.Autophagy is considered a cellular recycling system in which cellular components oreven entire organelles can be encapsulated by a membranestructure(autophagosome)and then transported to the vacuole(in plants)for degradation and re-use.
文摘At12Cys-1 （At5g64400） and At12Cys-2 （At5g09570） are two closely related isogenes that encode small, twin cysteine proteins, typically located in mitochondria. At12Cys-2 transcript is induced in a variety of mutants with disrupted mitochondrial proteins, but an increase in At12Cys protein is only detected in mutants with reduced mitochondrial complex I abundance. Induction of At12Cys protein in mutants that lack mitochondrial complex I is accompanied by At12Cys protein located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the cytosoh Biochemical analyses revealed that even single gene deletions, i.e., At12cys-1 orAtl2cys-2, have an effect on mitochondrial and chloroplast functions. However, only double mutants, i.e., At12cys-1：At12cys.2, affect the abundance of protein and mRNA transcripts encoding translation elongation factors as well as rRNA abundance. Blue native PAGE showed that At12Cys co-migrated with mitochondrial supercomplex I ＋ lU. Likewise, deletion of both At12cys-1 and At12cys-2 genes, but not single gene deletions, results in enhanced tolerance to drought and light stress and increased anti-oxidant capacity. The induction and multiple localization of At12Cys upon a reduction in complex I abundance provides a mechanism to specifically signal mitochondrial dysfunction to the cytosol and then beyond to other organelles in the cell.
