A 21-d experiment was conducted to study the effect of xylanase,protease,and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,nutrient utilization,gene expression of nutrient transporters,cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA...A 21-d experiment was conducted to study the effect of xylanase,protease,and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,nutrient utilization,gene expression of nutrient transporters,cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),and cecal microbiota profile of broilers challenged with mixed Eimeria spp.The study utilized 392 zero-d-old male broiler chicks allocated to 8 treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement,as follows:corn-soybean meal diet with no enzyme(Con);Con plus xylanase alone(XYL);Con plus xylanase combined with protease(XYL+PRO);or Con plus xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS);with or without Eimeria challenge.Diets were based on a high-fiber(100 g/kg soluble fibers and 14 g/kg insoluble fibers)basal diet.At d 15,birds in challenged treatment were gavaged with a solution containing Eimeria maxima,Eimeria acervulina,and Eimeria tenella oocysts.At d 21,birds were sampled.Eimeria depressed(P<0.01)growth performance and nutrient utilization,whereas supplementation had no effect.There were significant Eimeria×supplementation interactions for the sugar transporters GLUT5(P=0.02),SGLT1(P=0.01),SGLT4(P<0.01),and peptide transporter PepT1(P<0.01)in jejunal mucosa.Eimeria challenge increased the expression of GM-CSF2(P<0.01)and IL-17(P=0.04)but decreased(P=0.03)IL-1βexpression in the cecal tonsil.Eimeria×supplementation interactions for cecal acetate,butyrate,and total SCFA showed that concentrations increased or tended to be greater in the supplemented treatments,but only in non-challenged birds.Birds challenged with Eimeria spp.had higher concentrations of isobutyrate(P<0.01),isovalerate(P<0.01),and valerate(P=0.02)in cecal content.Eimeria challenge significantly(P<0.01)decreased the microbial richness and diversity,and increased(P<0.01)the proportion of Anaerostipes butyraticus,Bifidobacterium pseudolongum,and Lactobacillus pontis.In conclusion,Eimeria infection depressed growth performance,nutrient utilization with regulating nutrient transporters.Furthermore,Eimeria challenge shifted the microbial profile and reduced microbial richness and diversity.On the other hand,enzyme supplementation showed limited benefits,which included increased concentrations of SCFA.展开更多
基金supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Hatch project 1021533supported in part by a cooperative agreement 58-6040-8-034 from the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and by the U. S. Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences
文摘A 21-d experiment was conducted to study the effect of xylanase,protease,and xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,nutrient utilization,gene expression of nutrient transporters,cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),and cecal microbiota profile of broilers challenged with mixed Eimeria spp.The study utilized 392 zero-d-old male broiler chicks allocated to 8 treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement,as follows:corn-soybean meal diet with no enzyme(Con);Con plus xylanase alone(XYL);Con plus xylanase combined with protease(XYL+PRO);or Con plus xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS);with or without Eimeria challenge.Diets were based on a high-fiber(100 g/kg soluble fibers and 14 g/kg insoluble fibers)basal diet.At d 15,birds in challenged treatment were gavaged with a solution containing Eimeria maxima,Eimeria acervulina,and Eimeria tenella oocysts.At d 21,birds were sampled.Eimeria depressed(P<0.01)growth performance and nutrient utilization,whereas supplementation had no effect.There were significant Eimeria×supplementation interactions for the sugar transporters GLUT5(P=0.02),SGLT1(P=0.01),SGLT4(P<0.01),and peptide transporter PepT1(P<0.01)in jejunal mucosa.Eimeria challenge increased the expression of GM-CSF2(P<0.01)and IL-17(P=0.04)but decreased(P=0.03)IL-1βexpression in the cecal tonsil.Eimeria×supplementation interactions for cecal acetate,butyrate,and total SCFA showed that concentrations increased or tended to be greater in the supplemented treatments,but only in non-challenged birds.Birds challenged with Eimeria spp.had higher concentrations of isobutyrate(P<0.01),isovalerate(P<0.01),and valerate(P=0.02)in cecal content.Eimeria challenge significantly(P<0.01)decreased the microbial richness and diversity,and increased(P<0.01)the proportion of Anaerostipes butyraticus,Bifidobacterium pseudolongum,and Lactobacillus pontis.In conclusion,Eimeria infection depressed growth performance,nutrient utilization with regulating nutrient transporters.Furthermore,Eimeria challenge shifted the microbial profile and reduced microbial richness and diversity.On the other hand,enzyme supplementation showed limited benefits,which included increased concentrations of SCFA.
