Infections in infants and children under five years of age are a public health in México and are one of the major causes of death. Methods In this study, lymphocyte immunophenotyping for CD3+ (T-cells), CD3+CD4+,...Infections in infants and children under five years of age are a public health in México and are one of the major causes of death. Methods In this study, lymphocyte immunophenotyping for CD3+ (T-cells), CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD19+, CD3+CD16/56+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD62L- and CD28- were determined in the whole blood of gastrointestinal and respiratory bacterial infected children, using a four-color flow cytometry technique. Results: Our data showed that the percentages and the absolute numbers of monocytes and granulocytes are increased in infected children, when compared to the control group. Similarly, we observed increases in the percentages of B lymphocytes, CD8+ cells, memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+ and CD8+CD45RO+) and effector lymphocytes (CD4+CD62L? and CD8+CD28?) in infected children compared with the control group. In contrast, naive T cells were decreased in the bacterial infected children relative to the control group. Additionally, we used ELISA assays to identify the pathogen agent in gastrointestinal and respiratory infection. Comparing different types of infection, we found that the children with respiratory bacterial infections had higher percentages of B lymphocytes, and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+CD28-);and the children with gastrointestinal infections had higher percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes and effector cells (CD4+CD62L-). Conclusions The increase in B lymphocytes and CD8+CD28- cells in the children with respiratory infections and the increase of T lymphocytes and CD4+CD62L- cells in the children with gastrointestinal bacterial infections indicate that both cellular and humoral responses coincide, and both responses are necessary for eliminating the pathogen.展开更多
Actinomycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous lesion caused by the pathogenic bacterium Nocardia (N.) brasiliensis. Yeast antigens of Candida (C.) albicans increase the interferon (IFN)-γ and TCD4+ cells levels that enhan...Actinomycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous lesion caused by the pathogenic bacterium Nocardia (N.) brasiliensis. Yeast antigens of Candida (C.) albicans increase the interferon (IFN)-γ and TCD4+ cells levels that enhance the phagocytic killing of N. brasiliensis, able to survive inside phagocytes and to grow in clustered colonies that form grains. The aim of this work was to test the effect of a crude protein extract of C. albicans on the levels of IFN-γ producing TCD4+ cells and on the outcome of actinomycetoma lesion. Five BALB/c mice with N. brasiliensis infection at left hind footpad were treated four times every other day with C. albicans crude protein extract (CPE). Five uninfected mice treated with CPE or infected mice treated with sterile phosphate-saline buffer were included as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Footpad thickness was recorded in all groups. Once the treatments were finished, single cell suspensions from blood and spleen were prepared for assessing the amount (%) of IFN-γ producing TCD4+ cells by cytofluorometry;presence of TCD4+ and IFN-γ in footpad sections was detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. By comparison with the negative control group, infected mice treated with CPE had lower footpad thickness, higher percentage of blood and spleen IFN-γ producing TCD4+ cells as well as in situ presence of IFN-γ and TCD4+ cells. These findings showed that CPE from C. albicans displayed an immunoadjuvant activity that enhanced the presence of IFN-γ producing TCD4+ cells and IFN-γ for the resolution of N. brasiliensis actinomycetoma in mice.展开更多
文摘Infections in infants and children under five years of age are a public health in México and are one of the major causes of death. Methods In this study, lymphocyte immunophenotyping for CD3+ (T-cells), CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD19+, CD3+CD16/56+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD62L- and CD28- were determined in the whole blood of gastrointestinal and respiratory bacterial infected children, using a four-color flow cytometry technique. Results: Our data showed that the percentages and the absolute numbers of monocytes and granulocytes are increased in infected children, when compared to the control group. Similarly, we observed increases in the percentages of B lymphocytes, CD8+ cells, memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+ and CD8+CD45RO+) and effector lymphocytes (CD4+CD62L? and CD8+CD28?) in infected children compared with the control group. In contrast, naive T cells were decreased in the bacterial infected children relative to the control group. Additionally, we used ELISA assays to identify the pathogen agent in gastrointestinal and respiratory infection. Comparing different types of infection, we found that the children with respiratory bacterial infections had higher percentages of B lymphocytes, and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+CD28-);and the children with gastrointestinal infections had higher percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes and effector cells (CD4+CD62L-). Conclusions The increase in B lymphocytes and CD8+CD28- cells in the children with respiratory infections and the increase of T lymphocytes and CD4+CD62L- cells in the children with gastrointestinal bacterial infections indicate that both cellular and humoral responses coincide, and both responses are necessary for eliminating the pathogen.
文摘Actinomycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous lesion caused by the pathogenic bacterium Nocardia (N.) brasiliensis. Yeast antigens of Candida (C.) albicans increase the interferon (IFN)-γ and TCD4+ cells levels that enhance the phagocytic killing of N. brasiliensis, able to survive inside phagocytes and to grow in clustered colonies that form grains. The aim of this work was to test the effect of a crude protein extract of C. albicans on the levels of IFN-γ producing TCD4+ cells and on the outcome of actinomycetoma lesion. Five BALB/c mice with N. brasiliensis infection at left hind footpad were treated four times every other day with C. albicans crude protein extract (CPE). Five uninfected mice treated with CPE or infected mice treated with sterile phosphate-saline buffer were included as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Footpad thickness was recorded in all groups. Once the treatments were finished, single cell suspensions from blood and spleen were prepared for assessing the amount (%) of IFN-γ producing TCD4+ cells by cytofluorometry;presence of TCD4+ and IFN-γ in footpad sections was detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. By comparison with the negative control group, infected mice treated with CPE had lower footpad thickness, higher percentage of blood and spleen IFN-γ producing TCD4+ cells as well as in situ presence of IFN-γ and TCD4+ cells. These findings showed that CPE from C. albicans displayed an immunoadjuvant activity that enhanced the presence of IFN-γ producing TCD4+ cells and IFN-γ for the resolution of N. brasiliensis actinomycetoma in mice.
