The ammonium salt corrosion is a typical failure mode for the hydrogenation reaction effluent air cooler(REAC) system. In order to investigate the corrosion characteristics in the REAC system, numerical simulations we...The ammonium salt corrosion is a typical failure mode for the hydrogenation reaction effluent air cooler(REAC) system. In order to investigate the corrosion characteristics in the REAC system, numerical simulations were performed by using the mixture model, the heating transfer model, and the particles tracking model. The results show that the differences between the temperature and the velocity at each cross section of the first-row and second-row tubes are small. The inertia of the particles plays an important role in the particle’s deposition, and the smaller particles distribute more uniformly in the air cooler. However, for larger particles, they prefer falling from the inner side of the vertical elbow, and preferentially depositing at the inlet header and pipes before saturation. In the heat exchanger tubes, the particle deposition number is larger in the second-row tubes than that in the first-row tubes, and the high-risk tubes mainly concentrate on the middle and right side of the air cooler. The kinetic parameters of the particles are in accordance with the blocking-prone position in many real operating conditions.展开更多
针对加氢反应流出物空冷器(REAC)出口管道系统频繁发生的冲蚀失效问题,揭示了复杂流动腐蚀环境下管道冲蚀失效机理,提出了以离子传质系数( k c )及三向应力求得的最大剪切应力(τ m)作为REAC出口配管的弯管冲蚀特性关键表征参数;采用Mix...针对加氢反应流出物空冷器(REAC)出口管道系统频繁发生的冲蚀失效问题,揭示了复杂流动腐蚀环境下管道冲蚀失效机理,提出了以离子传质系数( k c )及三向应力求得的最大剪切应力(τ m)作为REAC出口配管的弯管冲蚀特性关键表征参数;采用Mixture多相流模型和SST k-ω湍流模型对空冷系统的出口配管进行流体动力学数值模拟,对比分析获得了各弯管处的传质系数和最大剪切应力的分布规律。结果表明:REAC出口配管的弯管中传质系数 k c 与最大剪切应力τ m的重合位置位于弯管8上的55°≤α≤85°管段,是冲蚀失效的高风险区域;失效案例解剖结果表明,基于传质系数 k c 、最大剪切应力τ m分布预测的冲蚀失效高风险区域与弯管冲蚀泄漏失效的区域基本一致。研究成果有望为空冷器进出口管道系统的耐流动腐蚀优化设计、优化运行和在役风险检验提供理论支撑依据。展开更多
Corrosion leakage occurred in the 14th tube bundle in the first row of a residual oil hydrotreating air cooler after operating for two years.The failure location was 0.5 m from the outlet header box.In this paper,the ...Corrosion leakage occurred in the 14th tube bundle in the first row of a residual oil hydrotreating air cooler after operating for two years.The failure location was 0.5 m from the outlet header box.In this paper,the erosion corrosion of the air cooler tube bundle was investigated by experimental and numerical methods.Visual inspection,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)experiments were performed,and the failure morphology and material composition confirmed that the damage was caused by erosion corrosion.The shear stress transport k–ωturbulence model(SST-k–ω)was then used to investigate the flow and erosion corrosion characteristics,combined with mass transfer,corrosion rate,and ionization equilibrium models.The numerical simulation results revealed that the water phase volume fraction increased with flow and heat transfer in the fluid,which increased the mass flow rate and concentration of hydrogen sulfide.The mass transfer coefficient and corrosion rate were proposed as important parameters to characterize erosion corrosion.Moreover,the local concentration of wall shear stress was found to increase the risk of erosion corrosion.The predicted high-risk area was consistent with the actual failure area,which verified that this failure incident was attributable to erosion corrosion by the water phase.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFF0210403)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY17E060008)the Talent Project of Zhejiang Association for Science and Development Project of SINOPEC(No.318023-2)
文摘The ammonium salt corrosion is a typical failure mode for the hydrogenation reaction effluent air cooler(REAC) system. In order to investigate the corrosion characteristics in the REAC system, numerical simulations were performed by using the mixture model, the heating transfer model, and the particles tracking model. The results show that the differences between the temperature and the velocity at each cross section of the first-row and second-row tubes are small. The inertia of the particles plays an important role in the particle’s deposition, and the smaller particles distribute more uniformly in the air cooler. However, for larger particles, they prefer falling from the inner side of the vertical elbow, and preferentially depositing at the inlet header and pipes before saturation. In the heat exchanger tubes, the particle deposition number is larger in the second-row tubes than that in the first-row tubes, and the high-risk tubes mainly concentrate on the middle and right side of the air cooler. The kinetic parameters of the particles are in accordance with the blocking-prone position in many real operating conditions.
文摘针对加氢反应流出物空冷器(REAC)出口管道系统频繁发生的冲蚀失效问题,揭示了复杂流动腐蚀环境下管道冲蚀失效机理,提出了以离子传质系数( k c )及三向应力求得的最大剪切应力(τ m)作为REAC出口配管的弯管冲蚀特性关键表征参数;采用Mixture多相流模型和SST k-ω湍流模型对空冷系统的出口配管进行流体动力学数值模拟,对比分析获得了各弯管处的传质系数和最大剪切应力的分布规律。结果表明:REAC出口配管的弯管中传质系数 k c 与最大剪切应力τ m的重合位置位于弯管8上的55°≤α≤85°管段,是冲蚀失效的高风险区域;失效案例解剖结果表明,基于传质系数 k c 、最大剪切应力τ m分布预测的冲蚀失效高风险区域与弯管冲蚀泄漏失效的区域基本一致。研究成果有望为空冷器进出口管道系统的耐流动腐蚀优化设计、优化运行和在役风险检验提供理论支撑依据。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51876194,U1909216,and 52176048)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(Grant No.2021Q020).
文摘Corrosion leakage occurred in the 14th tube bundle in the first row of a residual oil hydrotreating air cooler after operating for two years.The failure location was 0.5 m from the outlet header box.In this paper,the erosion corrosion of the air cooler tube bundle was investigated by experimental and numerical methods.Visual inspection,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)experiments were performed,and the failure morphology and material composition confirmed that the damage was caused by erosion corrosion.The shear stress transport k–ωturbulence model(SST-k–ω)was then used to investigate the flow and erosion corrosion characteristics,combined with mass transfer,corrosion rate,and ionization equilibrium models.The numerical simulation results revealed that the water phase volume fraction increased with flow and heat transfer in the fluid,which increased the mass flow rate and concentration of hydrogen sulfide.The mass transfer coefficient and corrosion rate were proposed as important parameters to characterize erosion corrosion.Moreover,the local concentration of wall shear stress was found to increase the risk of erosion corrosion.The predicted high-risk area was consistent with the actual failure area,which verified that this failure incident was attributable to erosion corrosion by the water phase.
