Major goals of industrialization include but are not limited to provision of employment, establishing a platform for overall national development and improving the capital income of whoever is involved, which invariab...Major goals of industrialization include but are not limited to provision of employment, establishing a platform for overall national development and improving the capital income of whoever is involved, which invariably improve the overall standard of living. A better pre-visibility study must encompass a well analyzed economic appraisal of the plan. The law of mass conservation was applied to develop computer software with a view to analyzing the major preliminary economic indexes of industrial solar drying in both developed and rapidly developing economy. The present work used the life cycle cost method to investigate the solar process economics. In the paper three major geographical locations in Nigeria (i.e. Ibadan, Kano and Port Harcourt) were selected and their respective economic appraisal was investigated. Sample simulations revealed that, at a realistic initial moisture content of 30 (% wet basis) of the agricultural produce, economic analysis of over 20 years shows that recommended solar collector area of 85.46 m2, 80.71 m2 and 75.96 m2 supplied about 67%, 88% and 55.8% of the annual energy needed for Ibadan, Kano and Port-Harcourt respectively.展开更多
Numerical methods such as finite difference, finite volume, finite element or hybrid methods have been globally used to successfully study fluid flow in porous stratum of which aquifers are typical examples. Those met...Numerical methods such as finite difference, finite volume, finite element or hybrid methods have been globally used to successfully study fluid flow in porous stratum of which aquifers are typical examples. Those methods involve mathematical expressions which increases computation time with requirement of specific human expertise. In this paper, numerical models for single phase flow in 1D and 2D using the conservation of mass principles, Darcy＇s flow equation, equation of state, continuity equation and the STB/CFB （stock tank barrel/cubic feet barrel） balance were developed. The models were then recast into pressure vorticity equations using convectional algorithms. Derived equations were used to formulate transport equations which resemble the conventional vorticity transport equation. Formulated numerical models were used to investigate the daily instantaneous aquifer pressure drawdowns and pressure heads for 365 days. The developed equations were subsequently solved using cellular vortex element technique. The developed computer program was used to investigate confined aquifer of dimensions 10× 10 × 75 m with single vertex image. For the aquifer rate of 0.5 m3/s, 0.1 m3/s, 0.15 m3/s, 0.2 m3/s, 0.25 m3/s, 1.0 m3/s, 2.0 m3/s, 2.5 m3/s, 3.0 m3/s, 4.0 m3/s, the respective average head drawdowns and heads were, 1.127 ±0.0141 m, 1.317 ±0.0104 m, 1.412± 0.0041 m, 1.427 ± 0.116 m,1.527 ± 0.0141 m, 2.107 ± 0.0171 m, 2.197 ±0.0191 m, 3.007±0.0171 m, 3.127 ± 0.0041 m, 3.626 ± 0.0121 m, and 25 kN/m2, 35 kN/m2, 33 kN/m2, 5 kN/m2, 6 kN/m2, 11 kN/m2, 25 kN/m2, 42 kN/m2, 50 kN/m2, 62 kN/m2, respectively. Cellular vortex technique with relative little mathematics has been established to have recorded successes in numerical modeling of fluid flow in aquifer simulation.展开更多
文摘Major goals of industrialization include but are not limited to provision of employment, establishing a platform for overall national development and improving the capital income of whoever is involved, which invariably improve the overall standard of living. A better pre-visibility study must encompass a well analyzed economic appraisal of the plan. The law of mass conservation was applied to develop computer software with a view to analyzing the major preliminary economic indexes of industrial solar drying in both developed and rapidly developing economy. The present work used the life cycle cost method to investigate the solar process economics. In the paper three major geographical locations in Nigeria (i.e. Ibadan, Kano and Port Harcourt) were selected and their respective economic appraisal was investigated. Sample simulations revealed that, at a realistic initial moisture content of 30 (% wet basis) of the agricultural produce, economic analysis of over 20 years shows that recommended solar collector area of 85.46 m2, 80.71 m2 and 75.96 m2 supplied about 67%, 88% and 55.8% of the annual energy needed for Ibadan, Kano and Port-Harcourt respectively.
文摘Numerical methods such as finite difference, finite volume, finite element or hybrid methods have been globally used to successfully study fluid flow in porous stratum of which aquifers are typical examples. Those methods involve mathematical expressions which increases computation time with requirement of specific human expertise. In this paper, numerical models for single phase flow in 1D and 2D using the conservation of mass principles, Darcy＇s flow equation, equation of state, continuity equation and the STB/CFB （stock tank barrel/cubic feet barrel） balance were developed. The models were then recast into pressure vorticity equations using convectional algorithms. Derived equations were used to formulate transport equations which resemble the conventional vorticity transport equation. Formulated numerical models were used to investigate the daily instantaneous aquifer pressure drawdowns and pressure heads for 365 days. The developed equations were subsequently solved using cellular vortex element technique. The developed computer program was used to investigate confined aquifer of dimensions 10× 10 × 75 m with single vertex image. For the aquifer rate of 0.5 m3/s, 0.1 m3/s, 0.15 m3/s, 0.2 m3/s, 0.25 m3/s, 1.0 m3/s, 2.0 m3/s, 2.5 m3/s, 3.0 m3/s, 4.0 m3/s, the respective average head drawdowns and heads were, 1.127 ±0.0141 m, 1.317 ±0.0104 m, 1.412± 0.0041 m, 1.427 ± 0.116 m,1.527 ± 0.0141 m, 2.107 ± 0.0171 m, 2.197 ±0.0191 m, 3.007±0.0171 m, 3.127 ± 0.0041 m, 3.626 ± 0.0121 m, and 25 kN/m2, 35 kN/m2, 33 kN/m2, 5 kN/m2, 6 kN/m2, 11 kN/m2, 25 kN/m2, 42 kN/m2, 50 kN/m2, 62 kN/m2, respectively. Cellular vortex technique with relative little mathematics has been established to have recorded successes in numerical modeling of fluid flow in aquifer simulation.
