The Orf disease, also known as contagious ecthyma, is a zoonotic infection caused by a dermatotropic parapoxvirus that commonly infects small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It is transmitted to humans through cont...The Orf disease, also known as contagious ecthyma, is a zoonotic infection caused by a dermatotropic parapoxvirus that commonly infects small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It is transmitted to humans through contact with an infected animal or fomites. Human infection typically is associated with occupational animal contact. We recently treated a healthy 41-year-old woman who presented a hangnail lesion on the middle finger of her right hand. The lesion was hard cauliflower-like mass, granulomatous and painful. Surgical debridement and biopsy were performed for further investigation. The Orf disease is usually self-limiting and resolves in 6 - 10 weeks, but complications may occur. The diagnosis may be confirmed by electron microscopy, conventional histopathology or by isolation of the virus by PCR. Early clinical recognition and knowledge of this benign viral condition are vital to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.展开更多
Achievements are presented for truss models of RC structures developed in previous years: 1. Two constitutive models, biaxial and triaxial, are based on regular trusses, with bars obeying nonlinear uniaxial σ-ε laws...Achievements are presented for truss models of RC structures developed in previous years: 1. Two constitutive models, biaxial and triaxial, are based on regular trusses, with bars obeying nonlinear uniaxial σ-ε laws of material under simulation;both models have been compared with test results and show a dependence of Poisson ratio on curvature of σ-ε law. 2. A truss finite element has been used in the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of plane RC frames;it has been compared with test results and describes, in a simple way, the formation of plastic hinges. 3. Thanks to the very simple geometry of a truss, the equilibrium equations can be easily written and the stiffness matrix can be easily updated, both with respect to the deformed truss, within each step of a static incremental loading or within each time step of a dynamic analysis, so that to take into account geometric nonlinearities. So the confinement of a RC column is interpreted as a structural stability effect of concrete. And a significant role of the transverse reinforcement is revealed, that of preventing, by its close spacing and sufficient amount, the buckling of inner longitudinal concrete struts, which would lead to a global instability of the RC column. 4. The proposed truss model is statically indeterminate, so it exhibits some features, which are not met by the “strut-and-tie” model.展开更多
文摘The Orf disease, also known as contagious ecthyma, is a zoonotic infection caused by a dermatotropic parapoxvirus that commonly infects small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It is transmitted to humans through contact with an infected animal or fomites. Human infection typically is associated with occupational animal contact. We recently treated a healthy 41-year-old woman who presented a hangnail lesion on the middle finger of her right hand. The lesion was hard cauliflower-like mass, granulomatous and painful. Surgical debridement and biopsy were performed for further investigation. The Orf disease is usually self-limiting and resolves in 6 - 10 weeks, but complications may occur. The diagnosis may be confirmed by electron microscopy, conventional histopathology or by isolation of the virus by PCR. Early clinical recognition and knowledge of this benign viral condition are vital to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.
文摘Achievements are presented for truss models of RC structures developed in previous years: 1. Two constitutive models, biaxial and triaxial, are based on regular trusses, with bars obeying nonlinear uniaxial σ-ε laws of material under simulation;both models have been compared with test results and show a dependence of Poisson ratio on curvature of σ-ε law. 2. A truss finite element has been used in the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of plane RC frames;it has been compared with test results and describes, in a simple way, the formation of plastic hinges. 3. Thanks to the very simple geometry of a truss, the equilibrium equations can be easily written and the stiffness matrix can be easily updated, both with respect to the deformed truss, within each step of a static incremental loading or within each time step of a dynamic analysis, so that to take into account geometric nonlinearities. So the confinement of a RC column is interpreted as a structural stability effect of concrete. And a significant role of the transverse reinforcement is revealed, that of preventing, by its close spacing and sufficient amount, the buckling of inner longitudinal concrete struts, which would lead to a global instability of the RC column. 4. The proposed truss model is statically indeterminate, so it exhibits some features, which are not met by the “strut-and-tie” model.
