Fate of ^(15)N-Labeled Urea Under a Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation on the North China Plain

一个地实验被进行在冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.) 和夏天玉米(Zea mays L.) 下面调查 15N 标签脲和它的剩余效果的命运诺思中国平原上的旋转系统。比作 360 kg N 的常规申请率哈 ? 1 (N360 ) ， 120 kg N 的减少的率哈 ?(N120 ) 1 导致了重要增加(P 【 0.05 ) 在小麦，产量和没有重要差别被作出对有利的裁决玉米。在在收获的 0 100 厘米土剖面，与 N360 相比， N120 不管多么导致了重要减少(P 【 0.05 ) 百分比剩余 N 和百分比未予说明的 N，它可能从管理系统反映了损失。在土剖面的剩余化肥 N 25.6%44.7%和20.7%分别地，，38.2%为 N120 和 N360 在器官的 N 水池0.3%3.0%和11.2%相应地，24.4%在硝酸盐水池，显示一个更高的潜力因为沥滤的损失以常规率与申请联系了。在由接替庄稼的土剖面的剩余 N 的恢复是不到 7.5% 应用 N。为 N120，全部的土壤 N 平衡是否定的；然而，仍然有可观的矿物质 N (NH+4-N 并且没有 ? 3-N ) 在在收获以后的土剖面。因此， N120 能在短期内被认为农学的联盟者可接受，要不是长期的可持续性， N 率应该基于土壤矿物 N 测试和植物组织硝酸盐测试被推荐维持土壤肥力。

低氧分压下PtO_(2)的分解机理研究

高纯铂丝作为标准铂电阻温度计的传感元件,其氧化与分解机理是影响温度计稳定性的关键因素。采用差示量热扫描法与X射线光电子能谱共同分析了2种类型的铂氧化物PtO_(2)和PtO在低氧分压下的分解过程。结果表明:2种氧化物的分解温度对氧气分压有明显的依赖性,氧气分压10 kPa下,570℃时PtO_(2)基本完全分解为Pt单质和PtO;在氧分压为3 kPa下PtO_(2)的起始分解温度约为520℃,565℃以上大量分解为Pt单质,且当温度达到585℃时,PtO_(2)分解为Pt的速度达到最快。研究结果可为铂电阻温度计的制作工艺、计量检定规程的完善提供数据参考和理论支持。

特色农产品产地溯源技术研究进展

特色农产品存在产地造假、以次充好等现象,亟需建立有效的产地溯源技术。本文首先论述了质谱、光谱和分子生物学等技术对不同种类农产品进行产地判别的基本原理。在分析各种溯源技术应用现状的基础上,对不同产地溯源技术的优缺点进行了分析比较,并对不同溯源技术联用来提高特色农产品产地溯源判别准确度的应用进行了探究。最后对产地溯源技术的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为产地溯源技术的发展提供一定的参考。

拉曼光谱结合LSTM长短期记忆网络的樱桃产地鉴别研究

现在樱桃市场上存在着大量以次充好的不良现象,严重损害了名牌樱桃的品牌经济效益,所以亟需一种能对不同产地樱桃实现快速无损鉴别的技术。拉曼光谱溯源技术作为光谱溯源技术的一种,由于具有快速、高效、无污染、无损分析等优点,逐渐得到相关研究者的重视。长短期记忆(LSTM)网络是一种具有记忆性的反馈神经网络,它是循环神经网络的一种变体。LSTM网络克服了循环神经网络中梯度消失的缺点,适合处理序列敏感的问题和任务,目前被广泛应用在语音识别、图像识别和手写识别等领域,但LSTM网络在产地溯源方面的应用还有待研究。基于此,提出了一种LSTM网络与拉曼光谱技术结合的能对不同产地樱桃实现快速无损鉴别的技术。将来自美国、山东和四川的369个樱桃作为研究样本,用拉曼光谱仪在785 nm激光下获得了不同产地樱桃的光谱数据。并且以每条经过基线校正后的拉曼光谱数据作为网络输入数据,基于LSTM网络构建了能对不同产地樱桃实现快速鉴别的判别模型,并且以样本判别准确率A、样本精确率P、样本召回率R和样本F值作为评价指标,探究了不同预处理方法对LSTM网络判别模型性能的影响。结果表明:当样本训练集和测试集的比例为85∶38时,直接采用原始拉曼光谱数据的LSTM网络模型的产地鉴别能力不高,鉴别准确率为79.87%。但当使用预处理过后的拉曼光谱数据,模型的鉴别准确率维持在92%以上。并且光谱经过SG+MSC预处理后模型的鉴别准确度最好,鉴别准确率达99.12%。同时在采用SG+MSC预处理的方法下,LSTM网络鉴别模型的精确率、召回率、F值均较高,表明了所提出的LSTM网络模型有较好的性能可实现对不同产地樱桃的鉴别,为樱桃的产地溯源提供了一种新的思路。

A Solution on Pork Quality Traceability from Farm to Dinner Table in Tianjin City,China

In order to meet government supervision of pork production safety as well as consumer＇s right to know what they buy and protect the public safety of pork food, this study adopts animal identification, intelligent personal digital assistant （PDA） reading and writing, general packet radio service （GPRS）, and other information technologies, proposes a pork tracking and traceability inferstructure based on pork production substrace flow and data flow, designs the metadata structure and related datatbases for farming, slaughtering, and retailing sector based on intensive pig farming and smallhold pig farming, develops three different data-recording systems, and finally establishes a public network platform for the information inquiry in light of ＂the administrative rules on identification and rearing files for animal and poultry＂ in China. The farming process information system supplies early warning for the usage of drugs and feed additives based on data of every individual pig and timely uploading all events data to remote traceability database when pigs are sold; the PDA data collecting system can collect farming events data for pigs fed by farmers and submit to the center database by GPRS; the web-based Tianjin＇s pork traceability platform can integrate all identifications and related pork quality data from farming, slaughtering to marketing by online, and achieve pork tracking from product origin to consumption and tracing in the turnover direction. It is feasible to realize pork quality traceability by identification technologies developed and/or integrated, metadata specifications designed, three data-recording systems deyeloped, and web-inquiring platform established. Some individual technical bottlenecks will be resolved with the development of communication technologies. The full implementation in Tianjin, China, will supply technical support for guaranteeing the quality and safety of pork production and meeting consumer＇s demands.

Discrimination of Transgenic Rice Based on Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares Regression Discriminant Analysis

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy （NIRS）, a non-destructive measurement technique, was combined with partial least squares regression discrimiant analysis （PLS-DA） to discriminate the transgenic （TCTP and mi166） and wild type （Zhonghua 11） rice. Furthermore, rice lines transformed with protein gene （OsTCTP） and regulation gene （Osmi166） were also discriminated by the NIRS method. The performances of PLS-DA in spectral ranges of 4 000-8 000 cm-1 and 4 000-10 000 cm-1 were compared to obtain the optimal spectral range. As a result, the transgenic and wild type rice were distinguished from each other in the range of 4 000-10 000 cm-1, and the correct classification rate was 100.0% in the validation test. The transgenic rice TCTP and mi166 were also distinguished from each other in the range of 4 000-10 000 cm-1, and the correct classification rate was also 100.0%. In conclusion, NIRS combined with PLS-DA can be used for the discrimination of transgenic rice.

高精度光纤微波时频传递技术

光纤微波时频传递技术具备高可靠性、高稳定性、高精度以及低损耗等优点,能够为航空航天、国防建设、高速通信行业等提供高精度的时间频率参考基准。如何克服现有光纤时频传递技术中存在的时刻同步精度低、网络化和一体化技术不成熟等问题,同时还能保证系统在长距离传输时不会导致同步精度显著下降,成为光纤时频传输领域核心研究问题。综述了光纤微波时频传递研究领域的进展,从传统的时频传递技术切入,介绍了时频一体化传递新技术,并对光纤微波时频传递技术的应用前景进行了展望。