腐殖酸抑制纳米银对菲律宾蛤仔鳃的氧化胁迫和遗传毒性

为了解DOM与AgNPs的相互作用及其对AgNPs毒性的影响,本文以菲律宾蛤仔为受试生物、以水环境广泛存在腐殖酸(Humic acid,HA)为代表性有机质。通过贝类体内抗氧化系统的生物标志物(过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA))的响应,研究了HA对AgNPs生物效应的影响。结果表明,HA显著增加了AgNPs的稳定性,抑制了AgNPs的聚集。AgNPs(20μg·L^(-1))暴露3 d后,蛤仔鳃组织中Ag的蓄积显著上升,并随着时间的延长不断升高。AgNPs暴露第3、7天,不同浓度的HA条件下,鳃组织中Ag的蓄积无显著差异,但显著地低于无HA存在的AgNPs暴露组。CAT活性和MDA含量仅在无HA存在的AgNPs暴露组出现显著升高,其余各组之间无显著差异。表征DNA损伤程度的Olive尾矩(OTM)和尾长(TL)在无HA存在的AgNPs暴露组中随时间的延长不断上升。HA显著降低了AgNPs的对鳃组织细胞的遗传毒性。结果表明,HA通过增加AgNPs在介质中的稳定性而显著地抑制了鳃组织对Ag的蓄积,从而减弱了AgNPs对鳃组织的氧化胁迫和遗传毒性。结果证明了有机质含量等环境理化条件对纳米毒性存在显著影响。

纳米银对连续三个世代褶皱臂尾轮虫的毒性效应

为了探究纳米银(Ag NPs)长期暴露下对海洋浮游动物的毒性效应,本研究通过以海洋浮游动物褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)为研究对象,研究了Ag NPs对连续三个世代褶皱臂尾轮虫的平均寿命、首次带卵时间、首次产幼时间和总后代数的影响,并通过产幼大小来明确非混交卵时期的发育情况以及通过摄食实验来探究Ag NPs对各世代轮虫能量摄入的影响。结果表明:Ag NPs对褶皱臂尾轮虫的24h-LC_(50)和48h-LC_(50)分别为18.7和3.4mg·L^(-1);不同浓度Ag NPs对各世代褶皱臂尾轮虫的生活史特征的影响存在显著的差异,且在同一世代中呈现出剂量-效应关系;在不同世代中,随着世代数的增加对其各生活史特征抑制效应显著增强。通过测量子代体长和进行摄食实验,结果发现能量的摄入不足和分配不均可能导致子代轮虫发育不良,进而导致其敏感性增强。

Macrobenthic Community in the Xiaoqing River Estuary in Laizhou Bay,China

The macrobenthic community of the Xiaoqing River Estuary and the adjacent sea waters was investigated in May and November 2008,August 2009,and May and September 2010,respectively.A total of 95 species of macrobenthos were identified in the five cruises and most of them were polychaetes(46.39%),mollusks(28.86%) and crustaceans(20.62%).The Shannon-Wiener index of macrobenthos was lower than 2 in 67% sites.Along the stream channel,estuary and the coastal waters,the species of polychaetes reduced gradually,while the abundance increased at first and then decreased.The abundance was the biggest at regions with salinity of 5 20 in the estuary.The species and abundance of mollusks and crustaceans increased gradually.As for seasonal distribution,the species,abundance and biomass were higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn.Contemporaneously compared with Laizhou Bay and Yellow River Estuary,the species of macrobenthos appeared in the Xiaoqing River Estuary were much less,while the percentage of polychaetes was higher.Abundance and biomass were higher in Xiaoqing River estuary,then consequently followed by Laizhou Bay and Yellow River Estuary.The dominant species in Xiaoqing River Estuary was polychaete,and Layzhou Bay mollusk.The community structure characteristics of macrobenthos in the Xiaoqing River Estuary revealed a significant pollution status in this region.

Spatial distribution and deposition history of nonylphenol and bisphenol A in sediments from the Changjiang River(Yangtze River) Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea

Nonylphenol（NP） and bisphenol A（BPA） are endocrine disruptors causing harmful effects including feminization and carcinogenesis to various organisms,and consequently,their contamination in natural environment has received wide concerns.This study reports the distribution characteristics of NP and BPA in surface sediments and their deposition history based on a dated sediment core in the Changjiang River（Yangtze River） Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea.The contents of NP and BPA in surface sediments ranged from 1.56-35.8 and 0.72-13.2 ng/g（dry mass）,respectively,with high values recorded in the two mud zones,the Changjiang River Estuarine Mud Zone and the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone.High values in the Zhejiang Coastal Mud Zone suggest the possibility of long distance transport of both contaminants through the Changjiang riverine plume.The contents were not correlated with the distance from the pollution source,indicating other factors including particle deposition rate and sediment grain size obviously affecting the distribution pattern.NP was also detected in a sediment core at layers deposited from the year of 1971 to 2001 with contents of up to 20.9 ng/g（dry mass）.The deposition fluxes of NP varied from 0.68 to 17.9 ng/（cm^2 · a） with peaks and valleys reflecting the traces of economic development history in China during the previous three decades.BPA was detected at sediment layers deposited from 1973 to 2001 with contents of up to 3.66 ng/g.The fluxes of BPA varied from 0.62 to 3.13 ng/（cm^2 · a） showing a similar pattern as NP.The contents of NP and BPA also indicated potential risks on benthic organisms in the study area.

Experimental studies on dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) production by four marine microalgae

The production of dimethylsulfide （DMS） and dimethylsulfoniopropionate （DMSP） by marine microalgae was investigated to elucidate more on the role of marine phytoplankton in ocean-atmosphere interactions in the global biogeochemical sulfur cycle.Axenic laboratory cultures of four marine microalgae–Isochrysis galbana 8701,Pavlova viridis,Platymonas sp.and Chlorella were tested for DMSP production and conversion into DMS.Among these four microalgae,Isochrysis galbana 8701 and Pavlova viridis are two species of Haptophyta,while Chlorella and Platymonas sp.belong to Chlorophyta.The results demonstrate that the four algae can produce various amounts of DMS（P）,and their DMS（P） production was species specific.With similar cell size,more DMS was released by Haptophyta than that by Chlorophyta.DMS and dissolved DMSP （DMSPd） concentrations in algal cultures varied significantly during their life cycles.The highest release of DMS appeared in the senescent period for all the four algae.Variations in DMSP concentrations were in strong compliance with variations in algal cell densities during the growing period.A highly significant correlation was observed between the DMS and DMSPd concentrations in algal cultures,and there was a time lag for the variation trend of the DMS concentrations as compared with that of the DMSPd.The consistency of variation patterns of DMS and DMSPd implies that the DMSPd produced by phytoplankton cells has a marked effect on the production of DMS.In the present study,the authors’ results specify the significant contribution of the marine phytoplankton to DMS（P） production and the importance of biological control of DMS concentrations in oceanic water.