Clustering routing protocols excel in several aspects of wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. This article proposes a clustering and multihop routing protocol （CMRP）. In CMRP, a node independently makes its decision t...Clustering routing protocols excel in several aspects of wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. This article proposes a clustering and multihop routing protocol （CMRP）. In CMRP, a node independently makes its decision to compete for becoming a cluster head or join a cluster, according to its residual energy and average broadcast power of all its neighbors. To minimize the power consumption of the cluster head, CMRP sends the data in a power-aware multihop manner to the base station （BS） through a quasi-fixed route （QFR）. In addition, CMRP presents a transmission power control algorithm with dynamic intercluster neighbor position estimation （DCNPE） to save energy. Simulation results show that the performance of CMRP is better than the hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach （HEED）. In the best case, CMRP increases the sensor network lifetime by 150.2%.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks （WSN） using cooperative multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） communication are effective tools to collect data in several environments. However, how to apply cooperative MIMO in WSN remai...Wireless sensor networks （WSN） using cooperative multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） communication are effective tools to collect data in several environments. However, how to apply cooperative MIMO in WSN remains a critical challenge, especially in sparse WSN. In this article, a novel clustering scheme is proposed for the application of cooperative MIMO in sparse WSN by extending the traditional low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy （LEACH） protocol. This clustering scheme solves the problem that the cluster heads （CH） cannot find enough secondary cluster heads （SCH）, which are used to cooperate and inform multiple-antenna transmitters with CHs. On the basis of this protocol, the overall energy consumption of the networks model is developed, and the optimal number of CHs is obtained. The simulation results show that this protocol is feasible for the sparse WSN. The simulation results also illustrate that this protocol provides significant energy efficiencies, even after allowing for additional overheads.展开更多
文摘Clustering routing protocols excel in several aspects of wireless sensor networks （WSNs）. This article proposes a clustering and multihop routing protocol （CMRP）. In CMRP, a node independently makes its decision to compete for becoming a cluster head or join a cluster, according to its residual energy and average broadcast power of all its neighbors. To minimize the power consumption of the cluster head, CMRP sends the data in a power-aware multihop manner to the base station （BS） through a quasi-fixed route （QFR）. In addition, CMRP presents a transmission power control algorithm with dynamic intercluster neighbor position estimation （DCNPE） to save energy. Simulation results show that the performance of CMRP is better than the hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach （HEED）. In the best case, CMRP increases the sensor network lifetime by 150.2%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （60241004, 60602016） the National Basic Research Program of China （2003CB314801） M0E-MS Key Laboratory of Multimedia Calculation, and Communication 0pen Foundation （05071801）.
文摘Wireless sensor networks （WSN） using cooperative multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） communication are effective tools to collect data in several environments. However, how to apply cooperative MIMO in WSN remains a critical challenge, especially in sparse WSN. In this article, a novel clustering scheme is proposed for the application of cooperative MIMO in sparse WSN by extending the traditional low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy （LEACH） protocol. This clustering scheme solves the problem that the cluster heads （CH） cannot find enough secondary cluster heads （SCH）, which are used to cooperate and inform multiple-antenna transmitters with CHs. On the basis of this protocol, the overall energy consumption of the networks model is developed, and the optimal number of CHs is obtained. The simulation results show that this protocol is feasible for the sparse WSN. The simulation results also illustrate that this protocol provides significant energy efficiencies, even after allowing for additional overheads.
