Small cell lung cancer is an invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma with early metastasis potential. It tends to grow rapidly and metastasize early, with the majority of patients diagnosed as advanced stage small cell lung...Small cell lung cancer is an invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma with early metastasis potential. It tends to grow rapidly and metastasize early, with the majority of patients diagnosed as advanced stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Systemic treatment consisting of platinum drugs and etoposide chemotherapy is the main treatment method, although the objective effective rate of this combination is 60% - 80%. However, most SCLC patients experience disease progression shortly after initial treatment, with a median overall survival of 10 months. There are few second-line treatment drugs available, and immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors has completely changed the treatment of many cancer types. Adding immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to conventional chemotherapy as first-line treatment can improve the survival rate of widespread small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but so far, there are no definitive factors to determine patients who are more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. This review summarizes the results of immunotherapy trials for small cell lung cancer. And a review was conducted on the predictive factors of these trials, with special emphasis on the expression of PD-L1 in small cell lung cancer to determine its clinical value.展开更多
Biogas slurry is a traditional high-quality organic liquid fertilizer. Three terrestrial plants with high economic value, fu </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gui</span> <span st...Biogas slurry is a traditional high-quality organic liquid fertilizer. Three terrestrial plants with high economic value, fu </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gui</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, yang </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">xin</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strawberry, were selected for hydroponic cultivation using an optimal dilution of biogas slurry. The results of the experiments showed that strawberries could bloom and bear fruit and fu </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gui</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and yang </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">xin</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> grew well. However, in comparison with the control groups planted in soil, all three crops were subject to a certain degree of environmental stress, as shown by changes in growth, biomass indicators, physiological indicators </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphological indicators. The leaves and stems of yang </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and fu </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gui</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were tested for several types of heavy metals, and all met the requirements for human consumption. It is feasible to cultivate these three plants with biogas slurry. The results of this study can help guide hydroponic production practices and have practical significance and reference value.展开更多
文摘Small cell lung cancer is an invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma with early metastasis potential. It tends to grow rapidly and metastasize early, with the majority of patients diagnosed as advanced stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Systemic treatment consisting of platinum drugs and etoposide chemotherapy is the main treatment method, although the objective effective rate of this combination is 60% - 80%. However, most SCLC patients experience disease progression shortly after initial treatment, with a median overall survival of 10 months. There are few second-line treatment drugs available, and immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors has completely changed the treatment of many cancer types. Adding immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to conventional chemotherapy as first-line treatment can improve the survival rate of widespread small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but so far, there are no definitive factors to determine patients who are more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. This review summarizes the results of immunotherapy trials for small cell lung cancer. And a review was conducted on the predictive factors of these trials, with special emphasis on the expression of PD-L1 in small cell lung cancer to determine its clinical value.
文摘Biogas slurry is a traditional high-quality organic liquid fertilizer. Three terrestrial plants with high economic value, fu </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gui</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, yang </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">xin</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strawberry, were selected for hydroponic cultivation using an optimal dilution of biogas slurry. The results of the experiments showed that strawberries could bloom and bear fruit and fu </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gui</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and yang </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">xin</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> grew well. However, in comparison with the control groups planted in soil, all three crops were subject to a certain degree of environmental stress, as shown by changes in growth, biomass indicators, physiological indicators </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphological indicators. The leaves and stems of yang </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and fu </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gui</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">cai</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were tested for several types of heavy metals, and all met the requirements for human consumption. It is feasible to cultivate these three plants with biogas slurry. The results of this study can help guide hydroponic production practices and have practical significance and reference value.
基金supported by the National Program on Key Research Project of China(2019YFE0103900)as well as the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(861917-SAFFI)Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program of China(2023C03045)+3 种基金Ningbo Public Service Technology Foundation,China(2021S155)the Medical Scientific Research Foundationof Zhejang Province,China(2022KY1158 and 2024KY1557)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation,China(2023J203)Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(2021JJLH0083).
