污泥液化生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性及机理

探讨污泥在乙醇-水混合溶剂中液化产生的生物炭的吸附潜力及其吸附机理(以亚甲基蓝(MB)废水为处理对象),结果表明:生物炭的吸附容量随着MB溶液起始pH值升高而升高,当pH超过8时,MB的碱性褪色开始显现.吸附温度的上升(30~60℃)对生物炭吸附容量的影响不明显.吸附容量总体上随着吸附时间的增加而上升(240min前),在240min后趋于稳定.吸附剂用量及初始MB浓度过高或过低都不利于生物炭的吸附,存在一个的临界点,分别是6mg和120mg/L.生物炭吸附MB的过程吻合准二级动力学方程(R^2=0.9994)和Langmuir方程(R^2=0.9831),且为自发吸热的过程,受物理吸附和化学吸附联合控制,具体的机理包括:离子交换、官能团络合、π-π吸附等.

Distribution and transformation behaviors of heavy metals during liquefaction process of sewage sludge in ethanol-water mixed solvents

Liquefaction of sewage sludge(SS)in ethanol-water cosolvents is a promising process for the preparation of bio-oil/biochar products.Effect of the combined use of ethanol and water on the distribution/transformation behaviors of heavy metals(HMs)contained in raw SS is a key issue on the safety and cleanness of above liquefaction process,which is explored in this study.The results show that pure ethanol facilitates the migration of HMs into biochar products.Pure water yields lower percentages of HMs in mobile/bioavailable speciation.Compared with sole solvent treatment,ethanol-water cosolvent causes a random/average effect on the distribution/transformation behaviors of HMs.After liquefaction of SS in pure water,the contamination degree of HMs is mitigated from high level(25.8(contamination factor))in raw SS to considerable grade(13.4)in biochar and the ecological risk is mitigated from moderate risk(164.5(risk index))to low risk(78.8).Liquefaction of SS in pure ethanol makes no difference to the pollution characteristics of HMs.The combined use of ethanol and water presents similar immobilization effects on HMs to pure water treatment.The contamination factor and risk index of HMs in biochars obtained in ethanol-water cosolvent treatment are 13.1-14.6(considerable grade)and 79.3-101.0(low risk),respectively.In order to further control the pollution of HMs,it is preferentially suggested to improve the liquefaction process of SS in ethanol-water mixed solvents by introducing conventional lignocellulosic/algal biomass,also known as co-liquefaction treatment.

城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属的健康风险识别

针对不同来源污水处理厂污泥中重金属的健康风险进行评估,具体以南昌市红谷滩、青山湖、象湖和朝阳4个主要污水处理厂污泥为例。结果表明:青山湖污水处理厂污泥中重金属暴露剂量最高,其次是象湖、朝阳和红谷滩。青山湖污水处理厂污泥中重金属Ni的暴露剂量最高,而其它3个污水处理厂污泥中,重金属Zn的暴露剂量最高。儿童通过手-口和呼吸直接摄入剂量明显高于成人,而通过皮肤接触摄入剂量低于成人,总暴露剂量高于成人。4个污水处理厂污泥中重金属对成人的非致癌风险在可接受范围之内,青山湖污水处理厂污泥中重金属存在儿童非致癌风险,其余污水处理厂污泥中重金属的儿童非致癌风险在可接受范围之内。重金属Cd的成人致癌风险低于致癌风险阈值,不存在致癌风险,儿童致癌风险均高于致癌风险阈值,存在一定的致癌风险。因而,上述4个污水处理厂污泥如未经处理则不能直接排放或进行利用,否则对儿童会引发相应的致癌和非致癌风险。建议采取有效措施进一步降低各污水处理厂污泥中重金属Cd的含量。此外,对于青山湖污水处理厂污泥而言,重金属Cu和Ni的含量也需要进一步降低。