AP1000核电站蒸汽发生器主给水管道双端断裂事故下第一跨空间三维流动特性数值模拟

AP1000核电厂第一跨空间内布置了设备冷却水系统(component cooling water system,CCS)驱动泵,能够保证核电厂事故工况下设备冷却水系统、余热排出系统等关键安全系统的正常运行,从而保证核电厂安全。然而在蒸汽发生器主给水管道双端断裂事故下,大量的水会泄放到第一跨空间内,对第一跨空间内的关键设备造成严重威胁。因此,对AP1000核电站蒸汽发生器主给水管道双端断裂事故下第一跨空间内泄放流体三维流动特性进行数值模拟。采用ANSYS系列软件,建立第一跨空间三维模型,基于流体体积模型(volume of fluid model,VOF)计算冷却剂喷放事故下,第一跨空间内流动特性及水位变化规律。计算结果表明,破口水从入口进入第一跨空间后在5.334 m层漫流,绝大部分泄放水通过该层设置的预留开孔流出,部分水在该层堆积。但是,由于设置挡水沿,泄洪水并未漫流到0 m层与-3.8 m层,随着冷却剂喷放引发给水泵跳泵,第一跨空间内水位将逐渐下降,不会造成重要设备防水台的漫流淹没。计算结果对核电厂主要泄洪途径、关键设备布置设计与优化提供了数值参考。

基于FLOWNEX的AP1000常规岛热力系统全范围建模及瞬态工况模拟

常规岛热力系统全范围快速建模对于常规岛的安全设计有重要意义。以主给水管道破裂事故为例,按照纵深防御的要求,第一跨防水淹设计基准是保证布置在第一跨的设备冷却水系统(component cooling water system,CCS)CCS泵组功能不会因为水淹工况而丧失。因此,建立完整的常规岛二回路汽水系统工质流动模型,并进一步确定泄漏量最大的主给水管道破裂工况,能为AP1000及后续电厂的常规岛主厂房第一跨防水淹设计提供数据支撑和指导策略。基于FLOWNEX计算软件,通过建立汽轮机、汽水分离再热器、凝汽器、除氧器、高低压加热器、主泵、凝结水泵等部件的关键模型,完成AP1000二回路汽水系统建模,实现了对凝汽器水位、除氧器水位、抽汽量等关键参数的模拟,并实现了对泵跳闸等关键控制逻辑的建模,通过简单修改边界条件即可实现不同功率台阶的切换以及功率的瞬态变化。模型稳态计算工况与热力系统平衡图符合较好,降功率瞬态计算快速准确,为下一步事故工况的建模计算提供了模型基础。

Influence of Boundary Layer Mixing Mechanisms on the Simulation of Typhoon Wutip:A Direct Hit on the Xisha Islands in 2013

In this study,we simulated the tropical cyclone(TC)Wutip,which originated in the South China Sea in 2013,using three planetary boundary layer(PBL)parameterized schemes within the Weather Research and Forecasting model,i.e.,Medium-Range Forecast(MRF),Yonsei University scheme(YSU),and Asymmetric Convective Model Version 2(ACM2),with different vertical mixing mechanisms.We investigated the effects of different PBL mixing mechanisms on the simulation of TC track,intensity,structure,and precipitation.The results reveal that the surface flux and vertical mixing of PBL jointly influenced the TC throughout its lifecycle,and the simulated TC intensity was closely correlated with the eyewall structure.These three schemes were all first-order and nonlocal closure schemes.However,the MRF scheme was over-mixed,which led to a relatively dryer and warmer near-surface layer,a wetter and colder upper PBL,and thus a simulated eyewall with the smallest wet static energy and weaker convection.Moreover,the MRF scheme produced the smallest 10-m wind speed,which was closest to the observation,and the weakest TC warm-core structure and intensity.The YSU scheme was similar to the MRF scheme,yet it distinguished itself by incorporating an explicit treatment of the entrainment process at the top of the PBL and developing thermal-free convection above the PBL of the eyewall,which significantly increased the wet static energy over the TC eyewall.Thus,the simulated eyewall was more contracted and steeper with stronger upward motion while the eye area became even warmer,finally leading to the strongest TC.The precipitation distribution simulated by the YSU scheme was the most consistent with the observation.The ACM2 scheme used the nonlocal upward and local downward mixed asymmetric convection modes,which reduced the excessive de-velopment of thermal-free convection at the eyewall,and avoided restricting the dynamically forced turbulent motion outside the eyewall,leading to a larger radius of the maximum wind speed,and thus more reasonable structural char-acteristics of PBL and TC intensity.In summary,compared with the YSU scheme and the MRF scheme,the ACM2 scheme demonstrated superior performance in capturing the structure,track,and intensity of Typhoon Wutip.It is important to note that this analysis was based on a specific case study,which might have inherent limitations due to its modest focus.