Objective This study aimed to determine the HIV-1 subtype distribution and HIV drug resistance(HIVDR)in patients with ART failure from 2014 to 2020 in Hainan,China.Methods A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted ...Objective This study aimed to determine the HIV-1 subtype distribution and HIV drug resistance(HIVDR)in patients with ART failure from 2014 to 2020 in Hainan,China.Methods A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients with ART failure in Hainan.We used online subtyping tools and the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree to confirm the HIV subtypes with pol sequences.Drug resistance mutations(DRMs)were analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results A total of 307 HIV-infected patients with ART failure were included,and 241 available pol sequences were obtained.Among 241 patients,CRF01_AE accounted for 68.88%,followed by CRF07_BC(17.00%)and eight other subtypes(14.12%).The overall prevalence of HIVDR was 61.41%,and the HIVDR against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs),nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs),and protease inhibitors(PIs)were 59.75%,45.64%,and 2.49%,respectively.Unemployed patients,hypoimmunity or opportunistic infections in individuals,and samples from 2017 to 2020 increased the odd ratios of HIVDR.Also,HIVDR was less likely to affect female patients.The common DRMs to NNRTIs were K103N(21.99%)and Y181C(20.33%),and M184V(28.21%)and K65R(19.09%)were the main DRMs against NRTIs.Conclusion The present study highlights the HIV-1 subtype diversity in Hainan and the importance of HIVDR surveillance over a long period.展开更多
为探究广州市浅层地下水氢氧和碳稳定同位素分布特征及其控制因素,选择广州市18口浅层地下水监测井作为研究对象。通过分析广州市地表水和地下水中氢氧稳定同位素(地表水和地下水)、溶解无机碳稳定同位素(地下水)和及铵态氮(地下水)同...为探究广州市浅层地下水氢氧和碳稳定同位素分布特征及其控制因素,选择广州市18口浅层地下水监测井作为研究对象。通过分析广州市地表水和地下水中氢氧稳定同位素(地表水和地下水)、溶解无机碳稳定同位素(地下水)和及铵态氮(地下水)同位素组成特征,对地下水水力特征及溶解无机碳演化特征的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:大气降水是浅层地下水重要补给来源,广州市北部从化区地下水和地表水存在密切的水力联系,降水直接补给地下水,受蒸发作用影响较小;广州市南部沿海附近,地下水可能受沿岸海水入侵的影响。从化区地下水中氘过量参数(d-excess)值受含水层滞留时间控制影响明显,广州市南部沿海地区d-excess显著偏低,可能受沿岸海水输入的影响。浅层地下水中DIC的演化受人为因素影响显著,水体δ13 C DIC值偏高;而高铵地下水主要来自天然有机质的降解,高浓度的NH+4是造成地下水中δ13 C DIC异常偏高的主要原因。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the 2021 Graduate Education Innovation Program Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region [YCBZ2021041]the National innovative training program for college students [202100001580]grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC,31860040]。
文摘Objective This study aimed to determine the HIV-1 subtype distribution and HIV drug resistance(HIVDR)in patients with ART failure from 2014 to 2020 in Hainan,China.Methods A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients with ART failure in Hainan.We used online subtyping tools and the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree to confirm the HIV subtypes with pol sequences.Drug resistance mutations(DRMs)were analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results A total of 307 HIV-infected patients with ART failure were included,and 241 available pol sequences were obtained.Among 241 patients,CRF01_AE accounted for 68.88%,followed by CRF07_BC(17.00%)and eight other subtypes(14.12%).The overall prevalence of HIVDR was 61.41%,and the HIVDR against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs),nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs),and protease inhibitors(PIs)were 59.75%,45.64%,and 2.49%,respectively.Unemployed patients,hypoimmunity or opportunistic infections in individuals,and samples from 2017 to 2020 increased the odd ratios of HIVDR.Also,HIVDR was less likely to affect female patients.The common DRMs to NNRTIs were K103N(21.99%)and Y181C(20.33%),and M184V(28.21%)and K65R(19.09%)were the main DRMs against NRTIs.Conclusion The present study highlights the HIV-1 subtype diversity in Hainan and the importance of HIVDR surveillance over a long period.
文摘为探究广州市浅层地下水氢氧和碳稳定同位素分布特征及其控制因素,选择广州市18口浅层地下水监测井作为研究对象。通过分析广州市地表水和地下水中氢氧稳定同位素(地表水和地下水)、溶解无机碳稳定同位素(地下水)和及铵态氮(地下水)同位素组成特征,对地下水水力特征及溶解无机碳演化特征的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:大气降水是浅层地下水重要补给来源,广州市北部从化区地下水和地表水存在密切的水力联系,降水直接补给地下水,受蒸发作用影响较小;广州市南部沿海附近,地下水可能受沿岸海水入侵的影响。从化区地下水中氘过量参数(d-excess)值受含水层滞留时间控制影响明显,广州市南部沿海地区d-excess显著偏低,可能受沿岸海水输入的影响。浅层地下水中DIC的演化受人为因素影响显著,水体δ13 C DIC值偏高;而高铵地下水主要来自天然有机质的降解,高浓度的NH+4是造成地下水中δ13 C DIC异常偏高的主要原因。
