莨菪烷类药物应用于微循环障碍的研究进展

山莨菪、洋金花等含莨菪烷类小分子的中药在我国应用已有2000余年的历史。莨菪烷类药物属M胆碱受体拮抗剂,是一类可改善微循环障碍的临床常用治疗性药物。本文综述了莨菪烷类药物的药理作用、药代动力学、毒理及临床应用于微循环障碍的研究进展,以期为深入解析莨菪烷类药物与微循环障碍性疾病的关系以及莨菪烷类药物的临床应用提供依据。

Reaction pathways and selectivity in the chemo-catalytic conversion of cellulose and its derivatives to ethylene glycol:A review

Biomass-to-ethylene glycol is an effective means to achieve high-value utilisation of cellulose but is hindered by low conversion efficiency and poor catalyst activity and stability.Glucose and cellobiose are derivatives of cellulose conversion to ethylene glycol,and it is found that studying the reaction process of both can help to understand the reaction mechanism of cellulose.It is desirable to develop a reusable,highly active catalyst to convert cellulose into ethylene glycol.This ideal catalyst might have one or more active sites described the conversion steps above.Here,we discuss the catalyst development of celluloseto-ethylene glycol,including tungsten,tin,lanthanide,and other transition metal catalysts,and special attention is given to the reaction mechanism and kinetics for preparing ethylene glycol from cellulose,and the economic advantages of biomass-to-ethylene glycol are briefly introduced.The insights given in this review will facilitate further development of efficient catalysts,for addressing the global energy crisis and climate change related to the use of fossil fuels.

Study of contact resistance in the design of a pyro-breaker applied in superconducting fusion facility

Pyro-breaker is a fast-responding and high-reliable explosive-driven circuit breaker,which has been applied in several quench protection systems,such as International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak.As an indispensable back-up switch,Pyro-breaker guarantees the reliability and safety of the system and avoids tremendous loss when quench happens.Electrical contact,a crucial part of an electrical device greatly determines the steady current capacity of a Pyro-breaker.However,due to the complexity of the model and the deficiency knowledge of the microstate of contact areas,an accurate calculation for contact resistance is difficult to acquire.A study of electrical contact in the design of a Pyro-breaker has been presented in this paper.An engineering calculation method is verified with experiments.Parameters are fitted for the presented model,which will be a significant theoretical basis for the future designing.

乳酸菌制剂对大口黑鲈生长性能、形体指标、血清生化指标、肠道健康的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加乳酸菌制剂对大口黑鲈生长性能、形体指标、血清生化指标、肠道健康的影响,挑选750尾大口黑鲈,初均重为(7.14±0.11)g,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾鱼。T0组大口黑鲈饲喂基础饲料,T1组、T2组、T3组、T4组分别在基础饲料中添加1×10^(8)CFU/g植物乳杆菌LP-37、1×10^(7)CFU/g戊糖片球菌PP-23、1×10^(8)CFU/g LP-37+1×10^(7)CFU/g PP-23以及1×10^(6) CFU/g乳酸菌。试验期6周。结果显示,各试验组大口黑鲈的增重率、特定生长率、摄食量显著高于T0组(P<0.05),且T4组显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05);各试验组饵料系数显著低于T0组(P<0.05)。各试验组大口黑鲈的肥满度、肝体比、肠宽度显著高于T0组(P<0.05)。各试验组大口黑鲈血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于T0组(P<0.05)。各试验组大口黑鲈肠道蛋白酶(PRS)、脂肪酶(LIP)及淀粉酶(AMY)活性均显著高于T0组(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加乳酸菌制剂可显著改善大口黑鲈肠道健康,提高免疫力和生长性能,以乳酸菌组效果最优。

Delineation of fatty acid metabolism in gastric cancer:Therapeutic implications

BACKGROUND The prognosis of gastric cancer is extremely poor.Metabolic reprogramming involving lipids has been associated with cancer occurrence and progression.AIM To illustrate fatty acid metabolic mechanisms in gastric cancer,detect core genes,develop a prognostic model,and provide treatment options.METHODS Raw data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were collected and analyzed.Differentially expressed fatty acid metabolism genes were identified and incorporated into a risk model based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis.Then,patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas were assigned to high-and low-risk cohorts according to the mean value of the risk score as the threshold,which was verified in the Gene Expression Omnibus database.Relationships between chemotherapeutic sensitivity and tumor microenvironment features were assessed.RESULTS An integrated evaluation was performed in this study.Fatty acid metabolismrelated genes were used to construct the risk model.Patients classified into the high-risk cohort were considered to be resistant to chemotherapy based on results of the“pRRophetic”R package.Patients in the high-risk cohort were associated with type Ⅰ/Ⅱ interferon activation,increased inflammation level,immune cell infiltration,and tumor immune dysfunction based on the exclusion algorithm,indicating the potential benefit of immunotherapy in these patients.CONCLUSION We constructed a fatty acid-related risk score model to assess the comprehensive fatty acid features in gastric cancer and validated its vital role in prognosis,chemotherapy sensitivity,and immunotherapy.

Research and Application of an Environmental-Friendly Low-Damage and High Salt-Resistance Slick Water Fracturing Fluid System

The Sulige gas field is a typical low-pressure low-permeability tight sandstone gas reservoir. The reservoir has poor seepage capacity, strong heterogeneity, high mineralization of formation water and extremely scarce water resources on the site. These unfavorable factors have brought great difficulties to the on-site mining process. Now, a nano-composite green environmental protection slick water fracturing fluid system CQFR can be quickly dissolved because of the larger specific surface area, and the small molecular size makes the damage to the reservoir less than 5%, and the average drag reduction effect can reach more than 73%. It can quickly and well dissolve and maintain performance under high salinity conditions and fracturing flowback fluids. It responds well to the complex reservoir conditions on the construction site and makes the flowback fluid recyable, which greatly reduces the consumption of water resources on the construction site and effectively improves the construction efficiency and economic benefits.

科研成果在压电陶瓷制备及性能测试专业实验中的应用研究

通过把关于压电陶瓷科研成果中的新材料、新方法和新工艺等应用到专业实验教学中,大大提高了学生对前沿科学的认知和学生的创新意识,为专业实验教学改革寻求了新路径。

赶黄草总黄酮对活化的肝星状细胞 TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的影响

为研究赶黄草总黄酮对TGF-β1(transforming growth factor beta 1)活化的肝星状细胞的作用及可能的机理,采用TGF-β1诱导人肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cell LX-2,HSC-LX-2)活化,给予不同浓度赶黄草总黄酮后,MTT法检测赶黄草总黄酮对活化后的LX-2增殖的影响,划痕实验检测细胞迁移率,胶原收缩实验检测胶原收缩情况,酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测细胞培养液中一型胶原(collagenⅠ,ColⅠ)及纤连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)等细胞外基质的沉积,进一步采用Western blot法检测TGF-β1/Smads信号通路相关蛋白Smad2、Smad3、p-Smad2、p-Smad3、Smad7的表达。结果显示,赶黄草浓度在为5、9、13 mg/L均可抑制TGF-β1活化后的LX-2的增殖和迁移,且13 mg/L时效果最显著(P<0.01);另外,赶黄草总黄酮可减少ColⅠ及FN等细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)的沉积(P<0.01),并抑制胶原收缩;Western blot结果显示,赶黄草总黄酮作用后Smad3、p-Smad2和p-Smad3的表达均显著减少(P<0.05),Smad7的表达明显增加。赶黄草总黄酮能明显抑制LX-2的增殖,减少ECM的分泌,其作用机制可能与与其抑制TGF-β1/Smads信号通路传导有关。

地下水模型参数不确定性对晋祠泉流量预测的影响

鉴于地下水数值模拟模型预测结果受参数不确定性的影响较大,故以晋祠泉域岩溶地下水系统为例,在建立研究区地下水流数值模型的基础上,选择研究区水文地质参数为代表参数,利用GLUE方法进行初步敏感性分析得出对晋祠泉流量预测最敏感的参数为渗透系数,并筛选出167组较优渗透系数组合,再通过其与不同气象和压采条件下的六个方案的结合进行模拟预测,从而定量分析渗透系数的不确定性对晋祠泉流量预测的影响。结果表明,整体上模型参数的不确定性对泉流量预测产生了较大影响,在开采量大且补给量较小的条件下影响最大,在压采且补给量大的条件下影响最小,但仅压采或仅补源并非加快晋祠泉复流的有效措施。

聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺的固相聚合反应过程

利用差示扫描量热分析、热失重分析和变温红外光谱等表征手段对聚对苯二甲酰癸二胺(PA10T)盐的固相聚合过程进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,在PA10T盐固相聚合过程中,反应温度起着至关重要的作用,230℃以下固相聚合反应很难发生;在240℃反应2 h或250℃反应1 h后,PA10T盐可以完全转化为聚合物。通过分析可知,反应过程主要分为2个阶段:第1阶段,部分PA10T盐分解并释放出癸二胺;第2阶段,PA10T盐发生缩聚反应并释放出水分子。

配电网合解环全过程综合优化调控

配电网合解环操作能实现不停电转供电,提高供电可靠性。为了保障合环操作的安全性和解环后配电网运行的经济性及电能质量,提出统筹考虑合环、解环全过程的优化调控模型及算法。首先,以无功补偿电容器、变压器分接头以及功率可控的分布式电源为调控手段,以合环前和解环后调控的设备动作总次数最少、合环时环网馈线段的最大负载率最小及解环后网损及电压偏差最小为调控目标,建立合解环综合优化调控数学模型;然后,利用配变的历史负荷推算配电网负荷功率,提高合解环潮流计算的准确性;最后,采用多目标粒子群算法对调控优化模型求解,获得合解环的Pareto最优调控方案集。根据配电网在不同场景下的合解环仿真结果验证所提调控方法的有效性。

一种对称极化掺杂增强型高压GaN HFET

针对传统AlGaN/GaN HFET击穿电压远低于理论值,以及阈值电压与开态电流之间存在制约关系的问题,提出一种对称极化掺杂增强型高压GaN HFET。采用Al组分对称渐变的AlGaN势垒层,因极化梯度分别在正向渐变AlGaN层和逆向渐变AlGaN层中诱导产生了三维电子气(3DEG)和三维空穴气(3DHG)。利用3DHG,阻断了源极与3DEG之间的纵向导通沟道,实现了新的增强型模式。同时,正向渐变AlGaN层的高浓度3DEG显著提升了器件输出电流。器件关断时,极化电荷形成的极化结有助于耗尽漂移区,优化了电场分布,提升了器件耐压。与传统AlGaN/GaN HFET相比,新器件的击穿电压从39V提高至919V,饱和漏电流提升了103.5%。

Degrees of Diaphragma Sellae Descent during Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenoma Resection:Predictive Factors and Effect on Outcome

This study is aimed to classify degrees of diaphragma sellae (DS) descent into sella turcica according to the surgical field block caused by the descent and to construct predictive imaging criteria for the degree of descent,and in addition,to determine whether there is any correlation between the degree of DS descent and the operative outcome (in the form of cerebrospinal fluid leak and/or presence of residual tumor).Totally,72 patients were enrolled in our study.Their clinical and radiological data as well as the high definition videos of operations were retrospectively reviewed.The degree of DS descent during the operation was classified into five degrees according to surgical field block caused by the descent.We investigated the correlation between these five degrees and the clinical findings,radiological findings as well as the surgical outcomes.We found that the most important determining factors of DS descent degree were the volume and the height of the tumor portion above diaphragma opening.On the other hand,the total tumor volume,the maximum tumor height and the morphological pattern according to Wilson's system (modified from Hardy) had no statistically significant correlation with DS degree of descent.Presence of residual tumor on postoperative magnetic resonance images was significantly correlated with Wilson's classification and with supradiaphragmatic tumor height.On the other hand,cerebrospinal fluid leak showed no statistically significant difference between variable degrees of DS descent.Volumetric data of the tumor portion above the diaphragma opening are more important than morphological data for prediction of surgical field block caused by descended DS.While DS prolapse significantly increases the difficulty of the operative procedure,residual tumor presence is mainly dependent on morphological classification,especially cavernous sinus invasion.

乳腺癌病人术前炎性指标与临床病理特征的相关性分析

目的:分析乳腺癌病人术前炎性指标与临床病理特征的关系。方法:收集接受乳腺切除手术治疗的乳腺癌病人49例作为观察组,另选取同期行乳腺象限切除术的乳腺良性增生性疾病病人48例作为对照组。比较2组红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞的比值(PLR)以及全身免疫炎症指数(SII),采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析RDW、NLR、PLR、SII对乳腺癌的诊断价值,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果:观察组RDW、NLR、PLR、SII水平均高于对照组(P<0.05~P<0.01)。RDW、NLR、SII的AUC高于PLR(P<0.05),RDW与NLR、SII的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),NLR、PLR与SII的AUC比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据最佳临界值,当RDW高于12.89%时,其敏感度为79.6%,特异度为91.7%;当NLR高于1.78时,其敏感度为69.4%,特异度为89.6%;当PLR高于143.57时,其敏感度为34.7%,特异度为97.9%;当SII高于392.42时,其敏感度为65.3%,特异度为91.7%。NLR、PLR与腋窝淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05和P<0.01),PLR与乳腺癌临床分期有关(P<0.05)。结论:RDW、NLR、PLR、SII在乳腺癌病人中呈高水平,对乳腺癌有一定辅助诊断价值,且NLR腋窝淋巴结转移有关,PLR与腋窝淋巴结转移及乳腺癌临床分期有关。

补益肝肾汤对小鼠骨关节炎模型的影响及其机制

目的为了探讨补益肝肾汤对小鼠骨关节炎模型的影响及其机制研究。方法建立膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)模型;实验分组设置:(1)空白对照组;(2)骨关节炎模型组;(3)模型+补益肝肾汤高剂量给药组;(4)模型+补益肝肾汤高剂量给药+TGF⁃β1抑制剂SB⁃431542组;给药结束后处死各组小鼠,取关节软骨组织,进行HE染色,免疫组化检测关节软骨组织中TGF⁃β1、ALK5、smad2、smad3、Sox9、p70S6K、PI3K、AKT、mTOR的表达情况。ELISA检测外周血TNF⁃α、IL⁃6、IL⁃8的表达情况。结果相较于对照组,模型组小鼠软骨组织中TGF⁃β1、ALK5、smad2、smad3、Sox9、p70S6K、PI3K、AKT、mTOR的表达水平有所降低,相较于模型组,补益肝肾汤治疗组上述基因的表达发生显著上调;相较于对照组,模型组TNF⁃α、IL⁃6、IL⁃8的表达显著上调;相较于模型组小鼠,补益肝肾汤治疗组TNF⁃α、IL⁃6、IL⁃8的表达显著下调;补益肝肾汤治疗组添加TGF⁃β1抑制剂SB⁃431542组后可以逆转补益肝肾汤的作用。结论补益肝肾中药复方可以激活TGFβ1⁃SOX9/p70S6⁃细胞外基质信号通路对OA起到一定的治疗作用。

Preliminary design of high power magnet converter for CRAFT

In order to test the superconducting magnet performance for the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)project of China,a power supply converter needs to be designed.In this paper,short circuits upstream and downstream of the direct current(DC)reactor are analyzed,and the thyristor style and the parallel number are determined by the limit analysis of junction temperature and fault current I^2t.On this basis,the over current and voltage verification of fast fuse are finished to protect the thyristor at fault cases by considering the short circuit of the bridge arm.Then,the resistor and capacitor parameters of thyristor snubber are committed to decreasing the reverse over voltage.These analysis results will be used as the preliminary design of high power magnet converter for CRAFT.

Robust Core Tensor Dictionary Learning with Modified Gaussian Mixture Model for Multispectral Image Restoration

The multispectral remote sensing image(MS-RSI)is degraded existing multi-spectral camera due to various hardware limitations.In this paper,we propose a novel core tensor dictionary learning approach with the robust modified Gaussian mixture model for MS-RSI restoration.First,the multispectral patch is modeled by three-order tensor and high-order singular value decomposition is applied to the tensor.Then the task of MS-RSI restoration is formulated as a minimum sparse core tensor estimation problem.To improve the accuracy of core tensor coding,the core tensor estimation based on the robust modified Gaussian mixture model is introduced into the proposed model by exploiting the sparse distribution prior in image.When applied to MS-RSI restoration,our experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm can better reconstruct the sharpness of the image textures and can outperform several existing state-of-the-art multispectral image restoration methods in both subjective image quality and visual perception.

MOOC Learner’s Final Grade Prediction Based on an Improved Random Forests Method

Massive Open Online Course(MOOC)has become a popular way of online learning used across the world by millions of people.Meanwhile,a vast amount of information has been collected from the MOOC learners and institutions.Based on the educational data,a lot of researches have been investigated for the prediction of the MOOC learner’s final grade.However,there are still two problems in this research field.The first problem is how to select the most proper features to improve the prediction accuracy,and the second problem is how to use or modify the data mining algorithms for a better analysis of the MOOC data.In order to solve these two problems,an improved random forests method is proposed in this paper.First,a hybrid indicator is defined to measure the importance of the features,and a rule is further established for the feature selection;then,a Clustering-Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique(SMOTE)is embedded into the traditional random forests algorithm to solve the class imbalance problem.In experiment part,we verify the performance of the proposed method by using the Canvas Network Person-Course(CNPC)dataset.Furthermore,four well-known prediction methods have been applied for comparison,where the superiority of our method has been proved.

Effect of siRNA interference on nerve growth factor in intervertebral disc inflammation rats

Objective:To investigate the inhibition effect of siRNA interference on NGF induced by inflammatory factor IL-6,and JUL—1 so as to provide novel targets for clinical treatment of discogenic low back pain.Methods:The intervertebral disc nucleus and annulus fibrosus cells of rats were separated-The cells were co-cultured with different concentrations(10 nmol/L,20nmol/L,50 nmol/L,100 nmol/L)of IL-6 and IL-1β.The NGF-siRNA was leaded into the cocultured cells with its import ability assessed by flow cytometry instrument tests,hefore and after which the NCF mRNA expression was detected by real-time Q-PCR and the NGF content was detected by ELISA.Results:Flow cytometry instrument test results showed that the NGFsiRNA cell conversion rate was 99.8%.Real-time Q-PCR detection results showed that compared with negative control group,the NGF mRNA expression of co-cultured cells treated by 10 nmol/L,20 nmol/L,50 nmol/L,100 nmol/L IL-6 and IL-1βwere respectively raised 3.4,3.7,4.7,3.7 times which were all significantly down-regulated after the import of NGF-siRNA.EILSA detection results showed that compared with negative control group,the NGF content of cocultured medium treated by 10 nmol/L,20 nmol/L,50 nmol/L,100 nmol/L I-L6 and IL-1βwere respectively raised 2.9,3.3,4.5,7.4 times which were all significantly decreased after the import of NGF-siRNA.Conclusions:These molecular biological results suggest that inflammatory factor IL-6 and IL-1βcould stimulate NCF on intervertebral disc cells in vitro culture model and its efficiency is concentration dependent,while siRNA interference can inhibit the stimulation effect of IL-6 and IL-1βon intervertebral disc cell,which provides a new targets for the clinical treatment of discogenic low back pain.

基于ADVISOR的燃料电池商用车动力系统仿真

目前,燃料电池商用车已成为国内外燃料电池汽车领域的研究热点。针对燃料电池商用车动力系统仿真目前存在的问题,研究了前驱车及后驱车的机理模型,并对ADVISOR软件平台进行二次开发,分别以两种方法搭建了商用车仿真模型。仿真结果显示车辆的各项动力性能符合预期,表明开发的后驱车辆仿真模块适用于燃料电池商业车。