滋阴明目丸通过激活音猬因子信号通路对小鼠视网膜色素变性的改善作用

目的探究滋阴明目丸对小鼠视网膜色素变性(RP)的改善作用及其可能机制。方法将RP转基因小鼠(rd10)随机分为模型组、乐盯组(0.15 g/kg)和滋阴明目丸低、高剂量组(4.50、9.00 g/kg),以C57BL/6小鼠为正常组,每组12只。HE染色检测小鼠视网膜组织病理改变,视网膜电图(ERG)检测视功能,光学相干断层扫描(OCT)观察小鼠眼底表现并检测视网膜厚度,激光散斑血流技术检测小鼠视网膜血液灌注量,数字PCR检测Shh信号通路信号分子Shh、Ptc、Smo、Gli1、N-myc、Cyclin mRNA表达,免疫荧光染色检测Shh、Ptc、Smo、Gli1、N-myc、Cyclin蛋白表达。结果与正常组比较,模型小鼠眼底和视网膜组织均发生病理性改变,ERG a波和b波振幅降低(P<0.01),视网膜厚度减少(P<0.01),视网膜血液灌注量降低(P<0.01),视网膜Shh、Ptc、Smo、Gli1、N-myc、Cyclin mRNA和蛋白表达均降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,滋阴明目丸各剂量组和乐盯组小鼠眼底和视网膜组织病理性改变均得到改善,视网膜厚度增加(P<0.01),视网膜血流量升高(P<0.01),ERG a波和b波振幅增加(P<0.01),视网膜Shh、Ptc、Smo、Gli1、N-myc、Cyclin mRNA和蛋白表达均升高(P<0.01)。结论滋阴明目丸可增加视网膜厚度和血流量,改善眼底病理改变和视功能,呈现出较好的延缓RP的作用,其机制可能与激活Shh信号通路有关。

髓鞘相关抑制因子及其受体在脊髓损伤修复中的研究进展

脊髓损伤是一种严重的中枢神经系统创伤性疾病,常见于坠落伤、交通事故、重物砸伤等,可造成机体损伤平面以下的运动、感觉和自主神经功能障碍。髓鞘相关抑制因子(MAI)在损伤的脊髓微环境中具有促进生长锥塌陷、抑制轴突再生的作用,是造成脊髓损伤难以修复的主要原因。髓鞘相关抑制因子类蛋白,如神经轴突生长抑制因子(Nogo)、少突胶质细胞髓鞘糖蛋白(OMgp)和髓鞘相关糖蛋白(MAG),及其受体蛋白如Nogo-A/Nogo-66受体1(NgR1)、配对免疫球蛋白样受体B(PirB)、鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体(S1PR2),均是脊髓微环境中的重要调节因子,可通过影响神经元轴突生长的信号通路抑制脊髓损伤的修复过程。虽然目前脊髓损伤修复的机制还不清楚,但调节髓鞘相关抑制因子类蛋白及下游信号通路是脊髓损伤修复的重要治疗途径之一。我们通过本文对近年来MAI类蛋白及其受体在脊髓损伤修复中的作用进行综述,为脊髓损伤修复提供可探究的新靶点,并为脊髓损伤后的临床治疗提供更多思路。

基于Citespace的视网膜色素变性的文献计量学分析

目的基于文献计量学探究近20年国内外关于视网膜色素变性(RP)的研究现状和热点前沿。方法分别检索中国知网数据库(CNKI)和Web of Science核心数据库(WoSCC)有关RP实验研究和临床研究的文献,利用Citespace进行可视化分析。结果共筛选出2277篇文献,CNKI和WoSCC中分别检索出354篇中文文献和1923篇英文文献,年度发文量总体呈上升趋势。湖南中医药大学第一附属医院和伦敦大学分别是CNKI和WoSCC中发文量最大的机构。彭清华和彭俊是CNKI中发文量最大的作者,Tsang Stephen H是WoSCC中发文量最大的作者。由关键词分析可知WoSCC文献的研究重点是遗传学和基因组学研究,而CNKI文献的研究重点是中医药治疗。结论本研究利用Citespace软件对RP研究领域的现状进行分析,明确当前的研究热点和前沿,为关注该领域的研究者提供了新思路和理论参考。

从“八维度”探讨脉象客观化

中医客观化的基础是四诊客观化,脉诊为四诊之一,然而传统脉诊对脉象的判断大多依靠医者个人经验及主观思想,使得临床诊断中脉诊的主观性较强,文中将脉象从八个不同的维度进行归类与总结,揭示脉象“八维度”的内涵,并从脉象八维物理量探讨脉诊客观化的思路。

老年良性阵发性位置性眩晕复位治疗后残留症状的个性化治疗研究

目的:探究对耳石手法复位后有残留症状的老年良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)患者进行个性化治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取2018年3月—2021年3月在我院确诊为BPPV,并在接受治疗后出现残留症状的60例老年患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例。对照组行常规治疗,观察组则根据患者不同病症特点制定出个性化的诊疗方法,在患者治疗前、治疗2周和治疗4周3个时期进行眩晕相关检测,并对治疗后临床效果进行评测,主要评测方法是采用VSI、DHI、BERG和SF36-健康调查表评估。结果:在治疗2周后,2组治疗疗效(VSI、DHI、BBS量表)差异不明显;但在治疗4周后,个性化治疗相较于传统常规治疗的效果有显著性升高(P<0.05)。结论:复位后有残留症状的良性阵发性位置性眩晕老年患者通过个性化治疗能够缩短病程,明显改善残留症状,临床应用价值高。

后疫情时代下中医眼科的发展探索

新冠肺炎疫情出现以来,给人们的生活带来了很大变化,中医眼科的发展也因此受到阻碍。当前国内已进入后疫情时代,现结合中医眼科的发展历程,从传承精华、守正创新、临床诊疗、学术交流、人工智能应用等4个方面探索后疫情时代下中医眼科的发展,提出发挥互联网平台的优势,实行科学的预约就诊制度,应用人工智能技术的对策,以期为中医眼科的发展提供思路。

益气明目丸对视网膜色素变性患者眼部血流动力学的影响

目的观察益气明目丸对视网膜色素变性(RP)患者眼部血流动力学的影响。方法采用前瞻性随机对照试验的研究方法,观察2017年10月-2019年1月在湖南中医药大学第一附属医院眼科、长沙市中医院眼科门诊就诊的RP患者70例(140只眼),随机分为治疗组与对照组各35例,分别予以维生素E或益气明目丸口服治疗3月。检测患者的视网膜电图(ERG)、睫状后短动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)及搏动指数(PI)等进行疗效评价。结果治疗后2组暗适应及明适应ab波振幅、EDV、RI、PI较治疗前有明显改善(P<0.05),治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论益气明目丸能提高RP患者明、暗适应ab波振幅,降低眼部血流阻力,增加视网膜血流量,这可能是益气明目丸治疗RP的机制之一。

羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区油苗生物标志化合物特征及其指示意义

本文以油苗抽提物的饱和烃色谱-质谱分析为基础,剖析了羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区油苗的生物标志化合物特征,探讨了其沉积环境和成熟度指示意义。昂达尔错油苗含有丰富的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、萜类化合物和甾类化合物。正构烷烃轻烃组分含量较高,无明显的奇偶优势。Pr/Ph比小于1,显示一定的植烷优势。萜类化合物中五环三萜烷相对含量最高,四环萜烷含量最少,并有一定的伽马蜡烷和升藿烷分布。规则甾烷相对含量为C27>C29>C28,呈不对称"V"字形分布,异构化成熟度参数值较高,且4-甲基甾烷化合物普遍存在。昂达尔错油苗母源岩沉积于具有较高盐度的还原环境,以藻类、菌类等海相有机质输入为主,油苗有机质处于成熟阶段。

羌塘盆地昂达尔错古油藏油气来源及成藏模式

昂达尔错油砂带是羌塘盆地内规模最大的古油藏,明确其油气来源和成藏模式对指导该地区的油气资源勘探具有重要意义。以饱和烃色谱-质谱、单体烃碳同位素和流体包裹体分析为基础,对羌塘盆地昂达尔错古油藏油气来源、成藏期次及成藏模式进行了探讨。研究表明:昂达尔错古油藏油苗与下侏罗统曲色组烃源岩具有相似的生物标志化合物组合特征,体现出两者具有较强的亲缘性;昂达尔错古油藏油气充注期次可划分为晚侏罗世(151.6~158.7 Ma)、早白垩世(142.3~143.9 Ma)与中新世(12.5~16.6 Ma)三期,其中早白垩世为该古油藏的主充注期;古油藏油源为下侏罗统曲色组页岩,储集层为中侏罗统布曲组砂屑灰岩和白云岩,盖层为布曲组泥晶灰岩,构成正常的“下生上储”式成藏组合。

彭清华活血利水法治疗中心性浆液性视网膜脉络膜病变验案

中心性浆液性视网膜以视力减退、视物变形为特征,是眼科常见疾病,对视力危害较大。彭清华认为中心性浆液性视网膜的中医病机为脉络瘀滞,水液停于视衣,在用药与治法上极具特色,常以大剂量车前子达到活血利水的目的,临床上收到满意疗效,本文对彭清华教授治疗中心性浆液性视网膜的临床经验进行了介绍。

《原机启微》眼病辨证思想探讨

《原机启微》上卷按病因、病机将眼部病证分为十八类;下卷为附方,对方剂组成、主治、方解作了详细说明。其辨病辨证颇具特色,常以经络理论为指导,重视病性,注重整体辨证。本文对其眼病辨证思想进行了总结。

活血散结方对PDGF干预下兔RPE细胞凋亡及caspase-3、P53表达的影响

目的:观察活血散结方含药血浆对血小板源性生长因子(platelet derived growth factor,PDGF)干预下兔视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞凋亡的影响以及对caspase-3、P53蛋白表达的干预作用。方法:采用高效液相色谱法检测活血散结方主要成分,选取第四代兔RPE细胞为实验细胞,分为空白对照组、正常血浆组、PDGF(10μg·L^(-1))组、PDGF(10μg·L^(-1))+AG1296(10μmol·L^(-1))组、PDGF(10μg·L^(-1))+10%含药血浆组、PDGF(10μg·L^(-1))+20%含药血浆组,分别加入相应处理因素干预48 h后,流式细胞仪检测兔RPE细胞凋亡情况,western blot检测兔RPE细胞caspase-3及P53蛋白表达情况。结果:活血散结方含药血浆中三七皂苷R1与丹参酮的含量均在线性范围之内,含药浓度较理想,活血散结含药血浆能促进PDGF干预下的兔RPE细胞凋亡(P<0.01),对caspase-3及P53蛋白表达亦有促进作用(P<0.01)。结论:活血散结中药复方含药血浆可能通过促进RPE细胞凋亡,达到抑制增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变发生发展的作用。

高含二氧化碳凝析气乙烷回收工艺改进

对部分干气再循环工艺(RSV)进行了模拟,处理高含CO_(2)(2.0%~3.5%,物质的量分数)凝析气,发现乙烷回收率小于90%,且对原料气中CO_(2)含量波动适应性差。从脱甲烷塔顶进料气质和脱甲烷塔结构两方面进行了改进,提出了部分原料气过冷乙烷回收工艺(SVFS)、两塔型部分原料气过冷乙烷回收工艺(SVFS-2T)。对SVFS-2T工艺进一步分析发现,增加原料气过冷分流比可提高吸收塔CO_(2)冻堵裕量;而增加原料气过冷分流比、低温分离器液相分流比及降低脱甲烷塔顶分离器温度可提高乙烷回收率;在原料气CO_(2)含量3.0%~3.2%情况下,改进工艺的乙烷回收率可达到90%;随着CO_(2)含量增加,与RSV工艺相比改进工艺的总压缩功耗减少2.8%~5.2%。

当飞利肝宁胶囊加中药茶饮治疗非酒精性脂肪肝痰瘀互结证的疗效观察

目的:探讨当飞利肝宁胶囊加中药茶饮治疗非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)痰瘀互结证的疗效。方法:选取90例NAFLD痰瘀互结证中老年患者为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组与对照组,每组各45例。观察组患者给予当飞利肝宁胶囊加中药茶饮治疗;对照组患者予以阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,疗程均为12周。比较两组患者治疗前后血脂指标[高密度脂蛋白c(HDL-c)、低密度脂蛋白c(LDL-c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)]、肝功能指标[γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)]、肝纤维化指标[透明质酸酶(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(Ⅳ-C)、层粘连蛋白(LN)]、B超脂肪变改善总有效率及临床疗效。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组(95.56%vs.80.00%,P<0.05);B超脂肪变改善总有效率高于对照组(91.11%vs.71.11%,P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者HDL-c、LDL-c、TC、TG、γ-GT、AST、ALT、HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组γ-GT、AST、ALT、HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:当飞利肝宁胶囊加中药茶饮对非酒精性脂肪肝痰瘀互结证中老年患者疗效明显,可改善肝功能、脂肪代谢及纤维化,有临床推广应用价值。

中枢神经系统中CART肽的作用和机制的研究进展

可卡因-苯丙胺调节转录(CART)肽是一种具有多种生物学功能的脑肠肽,在奖赏、进食、发育、感觉处理、压力和内分泌等稳态调控方面起着重要作用。文章通过CART肽表达的变化,总结CART肽的发现及其在中枢神经系统的分布,并依据其分布论述CART肽正常生理状态下主要调控的生理活动及相关信号通路,进一步探究CART肽病理状态下主要调控的疾病(慢性神经精神疾病)及信号通路。简述CART肽对相关的进食和激素分泌等生理活动调节的不同通路的影响,强调CART肽治疗药物成瘾、阿尔茨海默病和抑郁症等慢性神经精神疾病的关键角色,以期为研发特异性治疗慢性神经精神疾病的药物提供参考。

基于图嵌入的用户加权Slope One算法

针对传统Slope One推荐算法在稀疏数据集上预测准确率较低的问题,提出一种基于图嵌入的加权Slope One算法。本文算法首先以融合时间信息的用户相似度为边权建立用户关联图,对该图进行图嵌入得到用户特征向量,然后基于Canopy聚类对用户进行类内加权Slope One推荐。另外,为优化算法性能,本文算法基于Spark计算框架实现。实验结果表明,对比传统的加权Slope One,本文算法在稀疏数据集和显式、隐式评分数据集上的推荐效果和评分预测准确率都更优。

Dan Huang Ming Mu Recipe Suppresses the Progression of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Retinopathy After Retinal Laser Photocoagulation in Brown Norway Rats via Down-regulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Up-regulating Pigment Epithelium-derived

Objective To analyze the effects of Dan Huang Ming Mu Recipe(DHMMR)(a pharmaceutical preparation from herbs and having the function of replenishing vital essence,removing heat,promoting blood circulation and excreting pathogenic water) on diabetic retinopathy(DR) after retinal laser photocoagulation through regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF).Methods Forty male Brown Norway(BN) rats were randomly divided into blank group(group A,10 BN rats) and model group(30 BN rats).DR models were induced by 40 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ) and the body weight and blood glucose of rats were monitored.After 12-week injection,fluorescein fundus angiography(FFA) and histopathological examination were detected to confirm the successful establishment of DR models.Subsequently,the right eyes of model group rats were conducted retinal laser photocoagulation with the left eyes having no retinal laser photocoagulation and rats of the model group were randomly divided into group B(the model control group),group C(the positive control group),and group D(the DHMMR group),with 10 rats in each group.Rats of the group A and the group B were given vehicle,and the group C were given calcium dobesilate suspension by gavage,and the group D were given DHMMR by gavage.After 4-week gavage,FFA was carried out to observe the fundus microvascular change.Then,the rats were sacrificed to do histopathological examinations and the serum levels of P-selectin,cAMP,cGMP,and the relative expression of the protein of VEGF and PEDF in retina were detected.Results After 12-week STZ injection,the blood glucose of the model group were pronouncedly higher than the blank group(P < 0.01).Fundus micro-hemangioma changes were observed in the rats of the model group through FFA,and the rats of the blank group did not see any changes.The pictures of HE staining showed that the retinal structure of the model group was more disordered than the blank group.After 4-week gavage,treatments with DHMMR showed dramatic reduction of serum levels of Pselectin,cAMP and cGMP compared with the group B(P < 0.01).FFA and histopathological examinations of DHMMR-treated rats revealed significantly suppression of retinal edema,fundus microvascular destruction and retinal destruction distinguishing from the group B.And the relative expression of VEGF protein of the group D and the group A was markedly lower than that of the group B(P < 0.01).The relative expression of PEDF protein of the group D and the group A was dramatically higher than that of the group B to the contrary(P < 0.01).Conclusions DHMMR demonstrates pronounced suppressive effects on the progression of DR after retinal laser photocoagulation,through down-regulating VEGF and upregulating PEDF.

A Network Pharmacology Approach to Uncover the Molecular Targets and Associated Potential Pathways of Lycii Fructus for the Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa

Objective To explore the molecular targets and associated potential pathways of Lycii Fructus(LF,Gou Qi Zi,枸杞子)in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa(RP)by the approaches of network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Methods The potential blood-entry active ingredients and targets of LF were retrieved by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).RP-related gene targets were retrieved through disease comprehensive databases.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of LF component-targets and RP disease-targets was constructed by STRING,and the intersection of the 2 networks was extracted.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis of theintersection network were conducted by Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).CytoHubba was used to screen the key targets.Results A total of 188 chemical constituents related to LF was retrieved from TCMSP database.45 active ingredients were screened according to pharmacokinetic parameters oral bioavailability(OB)and drug similarity(DL).36 active ingredients were further screened and 201 targets related to these constituents were obtained.206 target genes directly related to RP were obtained from the disease comprehensive databases,and 89 genes were obtained from the intersection of componenttarget and disease-target PPI network.These genes were mainly involved in intracellular signal transduction,GTPase activity regulation,cell morphology regulation,and other biological processes.Molecular functions were mainly related to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity,GTPase activator activity,receptor signal protein serine/threonine kinase activity and so on.They were enriched in the cytoplasm,cell membrane,Golgi apparatus,and other regions.The mechanism was related to cell cycle pathways,neurotrophin signaling pathways,Ras signaling pathways,and so on.10 key gene targets of LF in the treatment of RP were screened.Conclusions The material basis for LF to exert its pharmacodynamic effect is 36 active ingredients such as cycloartenol,mandenol,and so on.The key targets of LF in the treatment of RP include 10 genes,such as Rho,PAK,and so on.The main mechanism is related to the regulation of the Ras signaling pathway,neurotrophin signaling pathway,cell cycle related pathway,and other signaling networks.

Effects of Lycii Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae on the Syndrome of Deficiency with Blood Stasis in RCS(rdy-/-, p-/-) Rats with Retinitis Pigmentosa: An Intervention Study

Objective To investigate the effects of Lycii Fructus(LF,Gou Qi Zi,枸杞子)and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Ex Rhizoma(SM,Dan Shen,丹参)on the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis in the RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)rats with retinitis pigmentosa(RP).Methods A total of 32 RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)rats were divided into 4 groups(equal amounts of female and male rats in each group):model group treated with 0.9%normal saline,LF group treated with LF formula granules,SM group treated with SM formula granules,and LF and SM(L·S)group treated with LF and SM formula granules.Eight RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)rats(4 males and 4 females)were treated with 0.9%normal saline to serve as blank group.The contents of E2,PG,P-Selectin,plasma viscosity,whole blood relative index of the high shear rate and fibrinogen content in plasma,and the content of cAMP and cGMP in retinal homogenate were detected.The retina was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results The contents of E2,PG,P-Selectin,plasma viscosity,whole blood relative index of the high shear rate,and fibrinogen content in the plasma of L·S group significantly differed from those of model group(P<0.01),but were similar to those of blank group.The contents of cAMP and cGMP in the retinal homogenate of L·S group significantly differed from those in model group(P<0.01)but were similar to those in blank group(P>0.05).Conclusions LF and SM can effectively treat retinitis pigmentosa by ameliorating the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis.

Physical Therapy Modalities of Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

The meibomian gland is a unique sebaceous gland located in the eyelid.Its main function is to secrete lipids and form the lipid layer of the tear film to delay the evaporation of waterborne tears,increase the surface tension of the tear film,and to lubricate the contact area of the eyelid and eyeball.Abnormal secretion of the meibomian gland is known as meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD),which has become the most important cause of evaporative dry eye disease(DED).The clinical pathophysiological process and underlying molecular mechanisms of MGD are not clear.As serious side effects may occur with the long-term use of hormonotherapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)for the treatment of MGD,meibomian gland physiotherapy is considered the most effective and safest therapy for MGD.This review summarizes the physical therapy modalities of western medicine(WM)and traditiond Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of MGD to provide optimal treatments for these patients and to further lay a foundation for mechanistic studies of MGD.