沙粒病毒的研究进展

沙粒病毒属于小RNA病毒科,可以通过多种方式感染人类并导致不同程度的疾病病死率。沙粒病毒主要以啮齿类动物为宿主,人类致病性沙粒病毒包括引起人类淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎的淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒和导致人类出血性疾病的拉沙热病毒和塔卡里伯病毒群。啮齿动物约占哺乳动物种类的43%,目前在啮齿目动物体内发现30余种高致病性的病毒,其中就包括沙粒病毒。啮齿类动物主要受到沙粒病毒科的哺乳动物沙粒病毒属的感染。本文对沙粒病毒的基因蛋白结构、临床特点、流行病学情况和预防控制等做一综述,为沙粒病毒的研究和预防机制建立提供参考。

A review of the epidemic and clinical study on scrub typhus in China(2010-2020)

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular growth bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi(Ot).Mites are the primary vectors and rodents play a pivotal role in the transmission of scrub typhus.Due to the climate warming,increased human activity and other factors,cases of scrub typhus have been increased sharply during the past decade in China,especially in the northern China.To understand the incidence trend,epidemic pattern,clinical sign,diagnosis and therapy of this diseases as well as genotype evolution of Orientia tsutsugamushi,we summarized and analyzed the current knowledge of scrub typhus in China from 2010 to 2020.The data indicated that the dominate genotypes of scrub typhus in China were Karp,Kato and Gilliam.Although the disease was distributed national wide,Yunnan,Guangzhou and Fujian showed the highest incidence rate.The main vector of scrub typhus in southwest,middle east and southeast of China appeared a geographic preference respectively.Seasonal timing,age and occupation were the key factors that relate to the peak incidence of scrub typhus.Notably,farmer was the occupation with the highest risk of Ot infection.Further study on the epidemic characteristics,risk factors,diagnosis and treatments of scrub typhus will be of benefit to a comprehensive guideline for prevention and control of this ancient disease.

Research progress and prospects of arenavirus

Arenaviruses belong to the family of RNA viruses that can infect humans in various ways and cause different degrees of mortality.Rodents is the mainly hosts.Human pathogenic arenaviruses include lymphocytic choroid meningitis,Lassa virus group and Takarib virus group,which cause human lymphocytic choriomeningitis and human hemorrhagic diseases.Rodents account for about 43%of mammalian species.At present,more than 30 highly pathogenic viruses have been found in rodents,including arenaviruses.The arenaviridae that infects rodents are mainly mammalian arenaviruses.This article reviews the etiology,clinicopathology,epidemiology,prevention and control of arenavirus,and provides references for the research and prevention of arenavirus.

海南省琼中黎族苗族自治县2019年恙虫病东方体分子流行病学及遗传进化分析

目的通过分析海南省琼中黎族苗族自治县(简称“琼中”)98例不明原因发热患者的恙虫病流行特点,了解该地区恙虫病东方体菌株流行的情况,为该地区制定恙虫病防治策略和控制措施提供科学依据。方法收集2019年1月1日至2019年12月31日琼中黎族苗族自治县人民医院诊断为疑似恙虫病和不明原因发热患者血液样本,利用胶体金免疫层析法和巢式PCR方法对样本进行恙虫病东方体特异性IgM、IgG抗体和恙虫病东方体56kD型特异性抗原基因检测,同时使用预先设计的样本信息表收集患者的临床表现及流行病学信息。针对巢式PCR检测结果为阳性的样本,进行克隆及Sanger测序。对获得的患者临床信息及检测结果进行流行病学分析,将测序得到的序列进行基因遗传进化分析。结果98例样本中,恙虫病IgM抗体阳性率为24.49%(24/98),恙虫病IgG抗体阳性率为46.94%(46/98),恙虫病PCR阳性率26.53%(26/98),焦痂或皮疹13.27%(13/98)。根据诊断标准,最终诊断为恙虫病的患者为33例。感染人群主要以31~50岁的青壮年为主,职业主要为农民。该地区恙虫病的流行以营根镇、长征镇和红毛镇为主并涉及9个乡镇。流行时间有明细的季节性,以7月和11月为主要高发期。流行的基因型主要为Karp型和Gilliam型。结论琼中为恙虫病的自然疫源地,该地区流行的恙虫病东方体基因型主要为Karp和Gilliam型,具有基因多态性。