Phylogenetic relationships of the zokor genus Eospalax(Mammalia,Rodentia,Spalacidae)inferred from whole-genome analyses,with description of a new species endemic to Hengduan Mountains

Zokors in the genus Eospalax,which are endemic to northern and western China,are subterranean rodents that inhabit various niches,including grasslands,high-altitude meadows,forests,and farmlands.Six species in Eospalax were described a century ago but their taxonomy and phylogeny remain controversial.In this study,we performed high-depth whole-genome sequencing of 47 zokor samples,comprising all six previously described species.Genomic analyses revealed a reliable and robust phylogeny of Eospalax and supported the validity of the six named species.According to the inferred phylogenetic relationships,Eospalax first divergent into two clades in the early Pliocene(ca.4.68 million years ago(Ma)),one inhabiting the highaltitude Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau(QTP)and adjacent regions,and the another inhabiting the lowaltitude Loess Plateau and Qinling-Daba Mountains.The most recent divergences occurred between E.baileyi and E.smithii and between E.rufescens and E.rothschildi in the late Pliocene(ca.2.09 and 2.19 Ma,respectively).We also collected specimens of zokors in the southern Hengduan Mountains(Muli County,Sichuan Province),far from the known distributions of all other zokors.Morphological and molecular analyses strongly suggested that the specimens represent a new species,formally described here as Eospalax muliensis sp.nov.The new species belongs to the high-altitude clade and diverged from closely related species(ca.4.22 Ma)shortly after the first divergence in Eospalax.Interestingly,Eospalax muliensis sp.nov.possesses more supposedly plesiomorphic characters,suggesting a possible origin of the genus in the Hengduan Mountains.

Experimental study of relationship between average isotopic fractionation factor and evaporation rate

Isotopic fractionation is the basis of tracing the water cycle using hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. Isotopic fractionation factors in water evaporating from free water bodies are mainly affected by temperature and relative humidity, and vary significantly with these atmospheric factors over the course of a day. The evaporation rate （E） can reveal the effects of atmospheric factors. Therefore, there should be a certain functional relationship between isotopic fractionation factors and E. An average isotopic fractionation factor （ t~＊ ） was defined to describe isotopic differences between vapor and liquid phases in evaporation with time intervals of days. The relationship between or＊ and E based on the isotopic mass balance was investigated through an evaporation pan experiment with no inflow. The experimental results showed that the isotopic compositions of residual water were more enriched with time; tr＊ was affected by air temperature, relative humidity, and other atmospheric factors, and had a strong functional relation with E. The values of 0~＊ can be easily calculated with the known values of E, the initial volume of water in the pan, and isotopic compositions of residual water.

基于分形理论的城市配网地理空间-网架布局一致性评估方法

我国国土空间规划要求电力部门展开空间布局规划。首先,将分形理论应用于描述配网网架的拓扑图,并给出相应的分形维数定义与计算方法。其次,在提出只考虑城市配网拓扑特性评估方法的基础上,综合考虑其负荷特性对分形维数指标进行加权,实现从空间利用程度和中心集聚程度两个角度来评估城市配网地理空间与网架布局之间的一致性。最后,以某地区实际网架为例,将所定义的量化指标应用于评估该地区配网网架布局与地理空间之间的一致性,并对几个地区实际网架进行综合比较分析,验证了所提方法的合理性及可行性。

Optimal Cooperative Secondary Control for Islanded DC Microgrids via a Fully Actuated Approach

DC-DC converter-based multi-bus DC microgrids(MGs) in series have received much attention, where the conflict between voltage recovery and current balancing has been a hot topic. The lack of models that accurately portray the electrical characteristics of actual MGs while is controller design-friendly has kept the issue active. To this end, this paper establishes a large-signal model containing the comprehensive dynamical behavior of the DC MGs based on the theory of high-order fully actuated systems, and proposes distributed optimal control based on this. The proposed secondary control method can achieve the two goals of voltage recovery and current sharing for multi-bus DC MGs. Additionally, the simple structure of the proposed approach is similar to one based on droop control, which allows this control technique to be easily implemented in a variety of modern microgrids with different configurations. In contrast to existing studies, the process of controller design in this paper is closely tied to the actual dynamics of the MGs. It is a prominent feature that enables engineers to customize the performance metrics of the system. In addition, the analysis of the stability of the closed-loop DC microgrid system, as well as the optimality and consensus of current sharing are given. Finally, a scaled-down solar and battery-based microgrid prototype with maximum power point tracking controller is developed in the laboratory to experimentally test the efficacy of the proposed control method.

预测典型变形高温合金均匀化动力学的新模型

提出一种基于扩散距离概念的变形高温合金均匀化动力学新预测模型。通过定量电子探针(EPMA)分析,系统研究典型镍基变形高温合金(GH4141)的微观偏析和均匀化动力学。研究发现,基于残余偏析指数模型预测的均匀化动力学与实际测量结果之间存在一定差异。实验和理论分析均表明,考虑了过去通常被忽略的扩散方向因子的一维扩散距离模型可以合理地预测均化动力学。新模型在只需知道原始枝晶臂间距和扩散系数前提下即可完成预测计算,这为变形高温合金均匀化动力学预测提供了一种新的选择。

The impact of toroidal mode coupling on high-density discharges in J-TEXT

Density limit has long been a widely studied issue influencing the operating range of tokamaks.The rapid growth of the m/n=2/1(where m and n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers,respectively)tearing mode is generally regarded as a primary precursor to the density limit disruption.In this experiment,the coupling of the m/n=1/1 mode and the m/n=2/1 mode in highdensity plasma was observed.During a sawtooth cycle,the frequencies of the two modes gradually converge until they become equal.After that,toroidal coupling occurs between the 1/1 and 2/1 modes,resulting in a mutually fixed phase relationship.With the occurrence of toroidal coupling,the 2/1 mode is stabilized.Prior to the disruption,the cessation of the 1/1 and 2/1 mode coupling,along with the rapid growth in the amplitude of the 2/1 mode,can be observed.Additionally,under the same parameters,comparing discharges with or without the 1/1 mode,it is found that the presence of the 1/1 mode leads to higher plasma density and temperature parameters.

MIDNet:Deblurring Network for Material Microstructure Images

Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is a crucial tool in the field of materials science,providing valuable insightsinto the microstructural characteristics of materials.Unfortunately,SEM images often suffer from blurrinesscaused by improper hardware calibration or imaging automation errors,which present challenges in analyzingand interpretingmaterial characteristics.Consequently,rectifying the blurring of these images assumes paramountsignificance to enable subsequent analysis.To address this issue,we introduce a Material Images DeblurringNetwork(MIDNet)built upon the foundation of the Nonlinear Activation Free Network(NAFNet).MIDNetis meticulously tailored to address the blurring in images capturing the microstructure of materials.The keycontributions include enhancing the NAFNet architecture for better feature extraction and representation,integratinga novel soft attention mechanism to uncover important correlations between encoder and decoder,andintroducing newmulti-loss functions to improve training effectiveness and overallmodel performance.We conducta comprehensive set of experiments utilizing the material blurry dataset and compare them to several state-of-theartdeblurring methods.The experimental results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of MIDNet in thedomain of deblurring material microstructure images,with a PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio)reaching 35.26 dBand an SSIM(Structural Similarity)of 0.946.Our dataset is available at:https://github.com/woshigui/MIDNet.

Analysis of large datasets for identifying molecular targets in intestinal polyps and metabolic disorders

Background:The interrelation between intestinal polyps,metabolic syndrome(MetS),and colorectal cancer(CRC)is a critical area of study.This research focuses on pinpointing potential molecular targets to understand the link between intestinal polyp formation,metabolic irregularities,and CRC progression.Methods:We examined clinical samples from patients with intestinal polyps coexisting with MetS and compared them with samples from patients with standard intestinal polyps.Transcriptome sequencing and public database analysis were employed to identify significant pathways and genes.These targets were then validated through immunohistochemistry(IHC).Following the RNA interference of key target expression,a series of experiments,including the cell counting kit-8 assay,colony formation,wound healing,and Transwell assays,were conducted.Results:Comparative analysis revealed 75 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the MetS polyp group vs.the control.Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment suggested these DEGs were primarily associated with cell cycle and mitosis.Integration with comparative toxicogenomics database(CTD)and the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)databases highlighted 44 key CRC-related genes.Protein interaction networks indicated connections of purkinje cell protein 4(PCP4),olfactomedin 1(OLFM1),fibronectin 1(FN1),and transforming growth factor beta 3(TGF-β3)with the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway.Tumor correlation studies suggested higher risk associations with FN1,PCP4,and TGF-β3,while OLFM1 was identified as a lower risk gene.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease in OLFM1 in MetS-associated intestinal polyps.Upon interference with OLFM1 in polyp epithelial cells,there was a significant enhancement in cell proliferation,colony formation,and cell migration and invasion capabilities.Conclusion:Our study highlights a significant decrease in OLFM1 expression in MetS-associated intestinal polyps.And,this reduction in OLFM1 is associated with enhanced cell proliferation,colony formation,and increased cell migration and invasion capabilities.These findings underscore the reduced OLFM1 expression in MetS-associated intestinal polyps may play a crucial role in promoting tumorigenic processes in colorectal pathology.Further research on OLFM1 may provide valuable insights into understanding and targeting MetS-associated intestinal polyps.

Experimental Investigations of Quasi-Coherent Micro-Instabilities in J-TEXT Ohmic Plasmas

Quasi-coherent micro-instabilities is one of the key topics of magnetic confinement fusion. This work focuses on the quasi-coherent spectra of ion temperature gradient(ITG) and trapped-electron-mode instabilities using newly developed far-forward collective scattering measurements within ohmic plasmas in the J-TEXT tokamak.The ITG mode is characterized by frequencies ranging from 30 to 100 k Hz and wavenumbers(k_(θρs)) less than 0.3. Beyond a critical plasma density threshold, the ITG mode undergoes a bifurcation, which is marked by a reduction in frequency and an enhancement in amplitude. Concurrently, enhancements in ion energy loss and degradation in confinement are observed. This ground-breaking discovery represents the first instance of direct experimental evidence that establishes a clear link between ITG instability and ion thermal transport.

Pursuing innovation in a new era

This year marks a significant milestone as we celebrate the75th anniversary of our nation,alongside the 65th anniversary of the Kunming Institute of Zoology(KIZ) and the 75^(th) anniversary of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).This juncture provides an opportunity to reflect on our progress over the past five years and strategically enhance our culture of innovation,while pursuing new aspirations(Yao & Shen,2019).It is a critical moment to advance innovation and take decisive steps toward leadership in this new era.

Clinical Research Progress of Crohn

Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiology, most common in the terminal ileum and adjacent colon. In the past 30 years, the global prevalence of CD has continued to rise. Although the etiology is unknown, studies have shown that it is closely related to geographical environment, microfold cell damage, intestinal flora changes, epithelial barrier damage, immune dysfunction and low. The main clinical manifestations of CD are abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, fatigue, fever and weight loss. At present, 5-aminosalicylic acid, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and biological agents are mainly used for treatment, but the drug effect is limited and the effect is not good. Recent studies have shown that Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) can down-regulate immune response and promote tissue healing, which has certain safety and effectiveness in the treatment of moderate and severe CD, and has broad application prospects, but also has certain limitations. This paper summarizes the application and efficacy of related therapies in CD, providing a reference for clinicians.

人工智能伦理研究的知识图谱分析

[目的/意义]随着人工智能技术的发展与应用,其衍生的伦理问题日益受到关注,但是国内从理论或技术层面防范人工智能伦理冲突的情报评述非常有限,收集人工智能伦理知识情报是当下人工智能健康发展的迫切需求。[方法/过程]借助CitespaceⅢ对选自Web of Science的人工智能伦理领域文献进行知识图谱分析,分别利用检索式#1“人工智能伦理”主题文献与检索式#2“机器人伦理”主题文献进行全面且科学的知识聚类议题探析。[结果/结论]在聚类分析的基础上从人工智能载体的道德主体性研究、机器人的伦理价值敏感设计、人工道德智慧研究与人工智能技术的伦理控制四个方面对人工智能伦理研究领域进行了总结与展望。

电气-供热管网系统等值模型与静态潮流分析方法

随着光伏、风电等清洁能源的持续增长,电热混合系统将是未来综合能源系统的发展趋势。首先,建立供热管网系统流体质量流量与电力系统电功率的等值关系,保证电力功率流、热力流量流可以在统一的时域尺度下进行分析。在此基础上,分别构建供热管网系统的平均温度响应模型及电锅炉外特性模型,确立供热管网系统响应状态及电、热功率流间相互影响的变量。基于牛顿法和供热管网水力计算基本原理,推导电气-供热管网系统潮流修正方程及其雅可比矩阵元素表达式,提出计及电制热效率随系统运行环境变化的电热混合系统潮流静态分析方法。最后,通过算例分析验证了所提出方法的可行性及实用性。

纤维蛋白原及血脂成分与冠心病患者PCI术后非罪犯血管病变进展的相关性分析

目的分析血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)及血脂成分与冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后非罪犯血管病变(NCCLs)进展的相关性。方法收集2017年1-12月在兰州大学第一医院心血管内科住院接受首次PCI治疗,并于2020年12月31日前复查冠状动脉造影(CAG)的210例患者(两次手术至少间隔6个月以上)的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据NCCLs是否进展分为进展组(n=99)和非进展组(n=111),同时根据进展组患者NCCLs进展程度再分为三个亚组:轻度进展组(n=42)、中度进展组(n=35)、重度进展组(n=22)。比较进展组和非进展组患者,轻、中、重度进展组患者的基线临床资料,分析Fib及血脂成分与NCCLs进展的相关性,以及影响NCCLs进展的危险因素。结果进展组与非进展组在性别、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压史、高脂血症史、心力衰竭、入院血压方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),进展组平均年龄大于非进展组,且糖尿病患者多于非进展组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进展组血浆Fib、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)水平高于非进展组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组血浆三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着NCCLs病变程度增加,血浆Fib、TG、LDL-C、non-HDL-C在轻、中、重度进展组中逐渐升高,而血浆HDL-C逐渐降低,但在各亚组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Fib、TC、LDL-C、non-HDL-C、D-二聚体与NCCLs进展呈正相关,且Fib与TC、LDL-C、non-HDL-C也呈正相关。性别、年龄、糖尿病史可作为NCCLs进展的危险因素,其OR值分别为2.284、1.052、0.293。结论血浆Fib及血脂成分与NCCLs进展相关,且Fib与部分血脂成分也存在相关性,但Fib不是NCCLs的危险因素。

基于城市用地性质的配网空间负荷预测研究

配电网规划与城市的用地性质息息相关。基于城市的用地性质进行负荷分区,并将其与负荷预测相结合,使之成为空间负荷预测中负荷密度预测的依据,能够提高负荷预测的精度,也因此在配电网规划中具有实用价值。针对实际规划中存在的样本数据充足和不足的情形,分别使用最小二乘法和相似搜索方法加以研究,使负荷密度预测有规可循,也是空间负荷预测的前提准备。

计及综合能源系统交直流特性的换流器等值建模研究

由于综合能源系统中的各能源网络的物理特性不同,以至各系统间的能流交换难以等效建模。首先基于各能源系统能流流动的物理特性,定义综合能源系统运行的本质是交流与直流的混合,进而提出一种基于坐标变换机理的等效机制,使系统中的交流参数与直流参数进行相互等值。其次,依据电力系统的节点等值和支路等值推导综合能源系统能流换流器线路阻抗和支路阻抗计算表达式,构建能流换流器的外特性等值模型。最后,通过改进的IEEE 14节点测试网络验证本文提出模型的正确性和合理性。

C反应蛋白与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值、N末端脑钠肽前体与射血分数比值对STEMI患者PCI术后院内MACE的预测价值研究

目的探讨外周血C反应蛋白与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(CHR)、N末端脑钠肽前体与射血分数比值(NER)与首次ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系及对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后院内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法回顾性纳入2019年8月—2021年2月在兰州大学第一医院心内科因首次发生STEMI住院的610例患者,根据PCI术后院内有无发生MACE分为MACE组和非MACE组。比较两组患者临床数据及CHR、NER的差异,采用多元线性回归分析CHR和NER与冠状动脉病变Gensini评分的关系。采用logistic回归模型分析STEMI患者PCI术后住院期间发生MACE的影响因素,并绘制ROC曲线评估CHR、NER及其二者联合对院内发生MACE的预测价值。结果MACE组的CHR、NER水平均高于非MACE组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。CHR、NER和冠状动脉多支病变与冠状动脉病变Gensini评分之间具有线性关系(P<0.001)。CHR(OR=1.021,95%CI 1.014~1.029)、NER(OR=1.011,95%CI 1.005~1.017)是患者院内发生MACE的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析,CHR预测MACE的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.843(95%CI 0.812~0.871,P<0.05),截点值为23.9048,敏感性为79.26%,特异性为76.42%;NER预测MACE的AUC为0.842(95%CI 0.810~0.870,P<0.05),截点值为67.1111,敏感性为69.63%,特异性为88.42%;二者联合预测MACE的AUC为0.875(95%CI 0.846~0.900,P<0.05),截点值为0.1723,敏感性为78.52%,特异性为84.42%。结论外周血CHR和NER水平与首次STEMI患者冠状动脉病变严重程度呈线性关系,并具有辅助预测PCI术后住院期间发生MACE的价值。

基于OFDM技术的多频段电力载波通信装置研究

智能配电网的迅猛发展给电力载波技术带来巨大的挑战,传统协议标准如G3-PLC、PRIME、Home Plug、G.9960、IEEE P1901等标准已不能满足配电网的要求。文中以OFDM技术为依托,自主研发新一代电力载波装置。装置的带宽可在7.8 kHz至10 MHz之间灵活调整,装置收发前端和物理层处理单元在FPGA芯片中实现,MAC/汇聚层处理单元在ARM芯片中实现。数据进行通信时的信号功率衰减及信号失真率均符合有关标准的要求,测试结果验证了所研发装置实现数据传输的正确性和稳定性。

Lithium–matrix composite anode protected by a solid electrolyte layer for stable lithium metal batteries

Lithium (Li) metal with an ultrahigh specific theoretical capacity and the lowest reduction potential is strongly considered as a promising anode for high-energy-density batteries. However, uncontrolled lithium dendrites and infinite volume change during repeated plating/stripping cycles hinder its practical applications immensely. Herein, a house-like Li anode (housed Li) was designed to circumvent the above issues. The house matrix was composed of carbon fiber matrix and affords a stable structure to relieve the volume change. An artificial solid electrolyte layer was formed on composite Li metal, just like the roof of a house, which facilitates uniform Li ions diffusion and serves as a physical barrier against electrolyte corrosion. With the combination of solid electrolyte layer and matrix in the composite Li metal anode, both dendrite growth and volume expansion are remarkably inhibited. The housed Li|LiFePO4 batteries exhibited over 95% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1.0 C in coin cell and 85% capacity retention after 80 cycles at 0.5 C in pouch cell. The rationally combination of solid electrolyte layer protection and housed framework in one Li metal anode sheds fresh insights on the design principle of a safe and long-lifespan Li metal anode for Li metal batteries.

电针对木瓜蛋白酶致骨关节炎犬血浆中腺苷的影响

为了研究电针对骨关节炎犬血浆中腺苷的影响。将32只健康的中华田园犬随机分为对照组、模型组、电针1组和电针2组,在犬左膝关节腔注射木瓜蛋白酶建立模型,电针治疗,每日1次,连续14 d,高效液相色谱法检测血浆中腺苷的水平。结果显示,模型组犬血浆中腺苷含量明显下降,与对照组比较,差异极显著(P<0.01);电针1组、电针2组犬血浆中腺苷含量明显升高,与模型组比较,差异极显著(P<0.01),电针1组与电针2组之间犬血浆中腺苷含量比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。提示,电针对犬膝关节腔内注射木瓜蛋白酶所致骨关节炎有治疗作用,并能调节犬血浆中腺苷的含量。