INCE adopting its reform and opening-up policy in the late 197os, China has witnessed rapid economic development, as well as large-scale urban construction. Over the last decade in particular, the country has undergon...INCE adopting its reform and opening-up policy in the late 197os, China has witnessed rapid economic development, as well as large-scale urban construction. Over the last decade in particular, the country has undergone one of the largest-scale and swiftest urbanization processes in the world, with average annual growth exceeding 1.3 percent. The urbanization rate has kept escalating, from less than 20 percent before reform and opening-up, to 52.6 percent in 2012, and further to 56.1 percent in 2o15. Rapid urbanization has changed the face of this traditionally agricultural country.展开更多
The components and evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton is a current topic in the geological study of China and the carbon isotopic composition of diamo...The components and evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton is a current topic in the geological study of China and the carbon isotopic composition of diamond is one of the most direct probes into cratonic lithospheric mantle processes.In this paper,in-situ SIMS(Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) techniques were used to analyze the carbon isotope compositions at different internal growth zones of diamonds from Shandong and Liaoning in the North China Craton and Hunan in the Yangtze Craton.It was found that the carbon isotopic range of diamonds from the North China Craton are rather distinct from those of the Yangtze Craton;the former has a range of 6.0‰ to 2.0‰(relative to VPDB) with an average value of 3.0‰ in their core areas,which is consistent with global peridotitic diamonds;the diamonds from the Yangtze Craton,however,have a carbon isotopic range from 8.6‰ to 3.0‰ with an average value of 7.4‰ in their core areas,being more consistent with global eclogitic diamonds.The variations of carbon isotope ratios between different internal growth zones in individual diamonds were different in the three diamond localities studied.There was a clear correlation between changes in carbon isotopic composition and phases of diamond dissolution and new growth,while no correlation was observed between δ13C and internal inclusions.The variations suggest that the carbon isotopic compositions of mantle fluids were changing during the process of diamond crystallization,and that the heterogeneity of the carbon isotopic composition in mantle carbon reservoirs was a more important factor than carbon isotope fractionation in controlling the carbon isotopic compositions and their variation in diamonds.In addition,the preliminary results of in-situ nitrogen analyses demonstrated that the variation of carbon isotopic compositions between the core and outer growth zones does not correlate with nitrogen abundances,implying either that diamonds crystallized in an open environment or that the carbon isotopic composition and nitrogen contents in mantle fluids were controlled by other,not yet understood factors.The experimental results provide hints that the isotopic composition of carbon and its original sources were different in metasomatic fluids controlling diamond formation in the mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton.展开更多
Trump’s win triggers concern among European statesThis year’s U.S.presidential election,which attracted worldwide attention,lowered its curtain on November 9 with Republican Donald Trump claiming the crown.The resul...Trump’s win triggers concern among European statesThis year’s U.S.presidential election,which attracted worldwide attention,lowered its curtain on November 9 with Republican Donald Trump claiming the crown.The result overturned most of the pre-election opinion pol s and completely confounded the expectations of most members of U.S.high society.展开更多
The French Government faces a conundrum against the backdrop of globalization Since March, France has witnessed ongoing social protests. The large-scale Nuit Debout （Up All Night） movement is particularly eye-catchi...The French Government faces a conundrum against the backdrop of globalization Since March, France has witnessed ongoing social protests. The large-scale Nuit Debout （Up All Night） movement is particularly eye-catching.The protests arose mainly due to protesters＇ dissatisfaction with the government＇s proposed labor reforms.展开更多
Never before has any other country in the wodd experienced such a large-scale and rapid urbanization drive as the one that is ongoing in China. Fueled by rapid economic growth, the country＇s urbanization rate soared ...Never before has any other country in the wodd experienced such a large-scale and rapid urbanization drive as the one that is ongoing in China. Fueled by rapid economic growth, the country＇s urbanization rate soared from under 20 percent more than a decade ago to 52.6 percent in 2012----and to 56.1 percent at the end of 2015--which translates into an annual growth rate of more than 1.3 percent. The traditionally agricultural country has since taken on a new look.展开更多
Will collaboration across the political divide stymie populism in France's 2017 presidential race?While nomination of party political candidates for France's presidential election next April has begun,the curr...Will collaboration across the political divide stymie populism in France's 2017 presidential race?While nomination of party political candidates for France's presidential election next April has begun,the currently governing Socialist Party's prospects in the vote appear far from bright.展开更多
文摘INCE adopting its reform and opening-up policy in the late 197os, China has witnessed rapid economic development, as well as large-scale urban construction. Over the last decade in particular, the country has undergone one of the largest-scale and swiftest urbanization processes in the world, with average annual growth exceeding 1.3 percent. The urbanization rate has kept escalating, from less than 20 percent before reform and opening-up, to 52.6 percent in 2012, and further to 56.1 percent in 2o15. Rapid urbanization has changed the face of this traditionally agricultural country.
基金supported by the Public Research Project of the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China(200811012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41272086)
文摘The components and evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton is a current topic in the geological study of China and the carbon isotopic composition of diamond is one of the most direct probes into cratonic lithospheric mantle processes.In this paper,in-situ SIMS(Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) techniques were used to analyze the carbon isotope compositions at different internal growth zones of diamonds from Shandong and Liaoning in the North China Craton and Hunan in the Yangtze Craton.It was found that the carbon isotopic range of diamonds from the North China Craton are rather distinct from those of the Yangtze Craton;the former has a range of 6.0‰ to 2.0‰(relative to VPDB) with an average value of 3.0‰ in their core areas,which is consistent with global peridotitic diamonds;the diamonds from the Yangtze Craton,however,have a carbon isotopic range from 8.6‰ to 3.0‰ with an average value of 7.4‰ in their core areas,being more consistent with global eclogitic diamonds.The variations of carbon isotope ratios between different internal growth zones in individual diamonds were different in the three diamond localities studied.There was a clear correlation between changes in carbon isotopic composition and phases of diamond dissolution and new growth,while no correlation was observed between δ13C and internal inclusions.The variations suggest that the carbon isotopic compositions of mantle fluids were changing during the process of diamond crystallization,and that the heterogeneity of the carbon isotopic composition in mantle carbon reservoirs was a more important factor than carbon isotope fractionation in controlling the carbon isotopic compositions and their variation in diamonds.In addition,the preliminary results of in-situ nitrogen analyses demonstrated that the variation of carbon isotopic compositions between the core and outer growth zones does not correlate with nitrogen abundances,implying either that diamonds crystallized in an open environment or that the carbon isotopic composition and nitrogen contents in mantle fluids were controlled by other,not yet understood factors.The experimental results provide hints that the isotopic composition of carbon and its original sources were different in metasomatic fluids controlling diamond formation in the mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton.
文摘Trump’s win triggers concern among European statesThis year’s U.S.presidential election,which attracted worldwide attention,lowered its curtain on November 9 with Republican Donald Trump claiming the crown.The result overturned most of the pre-election opinion pol s and completely confounded the expectations of most members of U.S.high society.
文摘The French Government faces a conundrum against the backdrop of globalization Since March, France has witnessed ongoing social protests. The large-scale Nuit Debout （Up All Night） movement is particularly eye-catching.The protests arose mainly due to protesters＇ dissatisfaction with the government＇s proposed labor reforms.
文摘Never before has any other country in the wodd experienced such a large-scale and rapid urbanization drive as the one that is ongoing in China. Fueled by rapid economic growth, the country＇s urbanization rate soared from under 20 percent more than a decade ago to 52.6 percent in 2012----and to 56.1 percent at the end of 2015--which translates into an annual growth rate of more than 1.3 percent. The traditionally agricultural country has since taken on a new look.
文摘Will collaboration across the political divide stymie populism in France's 2017 presidential race?While nomination of party political candidates for France's presidential election next April has begun,the currently governing Socialist Party's prospects in the vote appear far from bright.
