减量施肥耦合调亏灌溉对干热区芒果产量和品质的影响

【目的】研究减量施肥、调亏灌溉对西南干热区芒果产量、水肥利用效率及品质的影响,揭示芒果产量和品质对不同水肥耦合措施的响应规律,为西南干热区芒果灌溉施肥提供科学依据。【方法】以7年生贵妃芒果树为试验材料,在云南干热区进行了大田芒果试验。以全生育期充分灌溉(I_(F))为对照,设开花期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期亏缺灌溉(DI_(FS)、DI_(ES)、DI_(MS)),亏缺灌溉水平为50%蒸发蒸腾量(ETC)。施肥设置3个水平,分别为高肥(0.45 kg/株,当地施肥量,F_(H))、中肥(0.36 kg/株,F_(M))和低肥(0.27 kg/株,F_(L))。成熟期测定了果实产量、品质,计算了水分利用率(WUE)和肥料偏生产率(PFP)。【结果】灌溉模式和施肥水平对芒果产量、WUE、PFP、含水率、维生素C和固酸比影响显著(P<0.05)。与I_(F)灌溉相比,DI_(FS)处理产量、WUE、PFP、维生素C和固酸比分别平均减少23.4%、13.6%、24.0%、6.8%和14.5%,DI_(ES)处理产量、PFP和固酸比分别减少20.3%、20.5%和39.3%;DI_(MS)处理产量增加不明显,但WUE、PFP和固酸比分别增加了21.6%、5.0%和10.5%。与F_(H)处理相比,F_(M)处理维生素C和固酸比分别增加了8.1%和11.3%,F_(L)处理分别减少了6.7%和9.8%;PFP随着施肥量的减少而增加。通过主成分分析表明,综合品质排名前3的处理组合是DI_(MS)F_(M)、DI_(FS)F_(M)、DI_(MS)F_(H),得分最低的3个处理组合是DI_(ES)F_(M)、DI_(ES)F_(H)、DI_(ES)F_(L)。综合隶属函数值最大的是DI_(MS)F_(M),其次是DI_(FS)F_(M),最小的是DI_(ES)F_(L)。【结论】开花期、果实膨大期调亏灌溉和低施肥量不利于保证芒果的产量和品质,在成熟期进行调亏灌溉,不会降低芒果产量。依据主成分和隶属综合函数评价,成熟期调亏灌溉和中等施肥量的芒果产量、品质和水分利用率均为最优。

Application of cDNA array for studying the gene expression profile of mature appressoria of Magnaporthe grisea

Appressorium is an infection structure of the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Analysis of gene expression profiles ofappressorium development provides insight into the molecular basis of pathogenicity and control of this fungal plant disease. A cDNA array representing 2927 unique genes based on a large EST （expressed sequence tag） database ofM. grisea strain Y34 was constructed and used to profile the gene expression patterns at mycelium and appressorium maturation stages. Compared with mycelia, 55 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated genes were identified in mature appressoria. Among 77 genes, 16 genes showed no similarity to the genome sequences of M. grisea. A novel homologue of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase was found to be expressed at low-level in mature appressoria of M. grisea. The results indicated that the genes such as pyruvate carboxylase, phospholipid metabolism-related protein and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism and glycolysis, showed differential expression in mature appressoria. Furthermore, genes such as PTHll, beta subunit of G protein and SGTI involved in cell signalling, were expressed differentially in mature appressoria. Northern blot analysis was used to confirm the cDNA array results.

三维网络感知态势画像的研究

网络质量是通信企业的生命线,持续保持网络质量领先和客户满意是网络运维优化的工作主线。当前网络满意度面临严峻的本网挑战和竞争者的挑战,本文创新性提出一套基于网络、竞争对手和市场的三维网络感知态势评估体系,并以50×50 m的栅格为颗粒度进行三维画像,输出网业态势8分区,指导网络资源投放和市场拓展,实现网络与市场协同作战。

A rapid approach for isolating a single fungal spore from rice blast diseased leaves

Single spore isolation is a fundamental approach in plant pathology and mycology to isolate and identify plant fungal pathogens from diseased samples.However,routine single spore isolation procedure is time-consuming and has a high risk of contamination by other microorganisms.In this study,we developed a rapid approach for isolating a single spore of the fungal pathogen,Pyricularia oryzae,from rice blast diseased leaves in the paddy field with low potential of contamination.First,rice blast leaves with single lesions were selected in the paddy field,and a single lesion was cut out and pressed and dragged gently across the surface of water agar.Next,a germinated single spore with a barely visible piece of agar was cut out of water agar with a dissecting needle under a stereomicroscope at approximately 120-fold magnification.Last,the germinated single spore with water agar was transferred onto oatmeal tomato agar for growth and preservation.Based on our experience,a skilled technician or student can successfully isolate single spore from over 150 independent diseased samples with nearly no contaminations in a single working day.This approach is also suitable for isolating single spore from other fungal disease samples that produce abundant aerial conidia.

基于MCS映射的4G/5G小区动态降负荷算法模型的研究

小区高负荷问题一直是制约客户满意度提升的一大短板,小区负荷过高影响客户感知,无论4G或5G网络,容量调整都是优化工作的重点。在日常优化当中,针对小区的高负荷问题,一般采取的措施主要为小区间的容量均衡、同扇区的载波扩容和直接新建基站来解决容量问题,很少从小区自身性能为出发点来解决高负荷问题。本文从小区的调制编码策略入手研究,探索出一种通过优化小区自身性能来降负荷的方法及模型。该模型通过优化MCS映射值,提升高阶调制编码比例,达到小区负荷下降的效果,改善了网络质量。

不同蓖麻荫蔽模式下亏缺灌溉对小粒咖啡生长及土壤微生物数量的影响

为探明小粒咖啡快速生长和土壤环境优化的最佳亏缺灌溉和荫蔽栽培耦合模式,于2016—2017年通过小区试验,研究4个灌溉水平:充分灌溉(FI,1.2Ep,Ep为水面蒸发量)、3个亏缺灌溉(DI1,1.0Ep、DI2,0.8Ep和DI3,0.6Ep)和3种荫蔽栽培模式(无荫蔽S0:单作咖啡,对照;轻度荫蔽S1:一行咖啡间作一行蓖麻;重度荫蔽S2:一行咖啡间作两行蓖麻)对小粒咖啡冠层结构、干物质量和土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明:与FI相比,DI1改变土壤细菌、放线菌数量不明显,而显著增加小粒咖啡冠面积和干物质量,分别为9.53%和10.46%(P<0.05),同时减少冠下总辐射5.51%,但不显著(P>0.05);DI2和DI3减少根区细菌、真菌和放线菌数量8.94%~47.06%;与S0相比,S1显著增加真菌、细菌和放线菌数量,分别为13.99%、30.77%和9.72%(P<0.05),同时增加叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质量,分别为10.31%和30.02%(P<0.05);不同灌水和荫蔽模式下土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量随含水率和温度的增加呈先增后减的趋势,与含水率和温度呈二次曲线关系;DI1S1获得最大的干物质量、较大的LAI和最小冠下总辐射;与FIS0相比,DI1S1显著增加干物质量62.90%(P<0.05),而显著减少冠下总辐射21.77%(P<0.05);因此,DI1S1为小粒咖啡幼树较优的水光管理组合。

微润管布设方式和施肥水平对蓝莓生长及光合特性的影响

为探明微润灌溉与施肥对蓝莓(夏普蓝)生长发育及光合特性的影响,通过小区试验,研究了微润管水平布置(LM)、微润管竖插布置(UM)和微润管圆形布置(RM) 3种布设方式和0 g·株^(-1)(F_0)、10 g·株^(-1)(F_1)、20 g·株^(-1)(F_2)和30 g·株^(-1)(F3) 4个施肥水平对蓝莓生长、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、干物质累积和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与LM相比,UM增加蓝莓P_n、T_r、干物质累积量和水分利用效率分别为21.47%、16.67%、16.90%和27.35%,RM分别增加24.82%、38.66%、39.66%和44.35%,并且RM显著增加株高、地茎、新枝长度和叶绿素含量;随着施肥量增加,蓝莓株高、地茎、新枝长度和叶绿素含量均先增加后减少;与F_0相比,F_2处理提高P_n、T_r、干物质累积量和水分利用效率分别为14.74%、13.49%、22.62%和21.09%;与LMF_0相比,LMF_2、UMF_2、RMF_2处理干物质累积量分别增加17.53%、40.58%、61.14%,水分利用效率分别增加17.53%、53.14%、66.55%;从高效节水的角度考虑,蓝莓的最佳微润灌溉和施肥组合模式为RMF_2。