Unraveling the Rheology of Nanocellulose Aqueous Suspensions:A Comprehensive Study on Biomass-Derived Nanofibrillated Cellulose

The rheological properties of nanocellulose aqueous suspensions play a critical role in the development of nanocellulose-based bulk materials.High-crystalline,high-aspect ratio,and slender nanofibrillated cellulose(NFC)were extracted from four biomass resources.The cellulose nanofibrils and nanofibril bundles formed inter-connected networks in the NFC aqueous suspensions.The storage moduli of the suspensions with different concentrations were higher than their corresponding loss moduli.As the concentration increased,the storage and loss modulus of NFC dispersion increased.When the shear rate increased to a certain value,there were differences in the changing trend of the rheological behavior of NFC aqueous suspensions derived from different biomass resources and the suspensions with different solid concentrations.NFC dispersion’s storage and loss modulus increased when the temperature rose to nearly 80℃.We hope this study can deepen the understanding of the rheological properties of NFC colloids derived from different biomass resources.

Two-Year Heart Failure Study with Allogeneic Myoblast Transplantation

Objectives: Allogeneic myoblast transplantation (AMT), cyclosporine immunosuppression and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were used to treat end-stage heart failure (HF) subjects without hope of obtaining a heart transplant. Background: Severe myocardial infarction conveys serious complications such as ventricular aneurysm, wall thinning and rupture with fatal consequences. Methods: After meeting Inclusion/Exclusion criteria and signing Patient Informed Consents, 10 HF subjects having mean thinnest wall thickness of 2.21 ± 0.55 mm and ventricular aneurysms were admitted under intensive care. Each subject took daily cyclosporine for three weeks. On the third day of cyclosporine administration, approximately 1 billion myoblasts were implanted through 20 injections into the infarcted myocardium following CABG. Results: Safety No subject suffered death, viral infection, malignant arrhythmia, reduction in cardiac output, immune rejection, or aneurysm growth. No significant difference was found before versus after treatment in the mean levels of blood routine, liver and kidney enzymes, electrolytes and fibrinogen. Efficacy Emission computed tomography (ECT) and magnetic resonance (MR) demonstrated significant increases in viability and perfusion. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) significantly increased (P < 0.05) by 20.1% and 19.3% at 6 months and at 2 years postoperatively. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class improved by 2 grades, including 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) distance increase, and reductions in the number of episodes of angina pectoris, chest tightness, shortness of breath after exercise, and nighttime sit-up breathing. Conclusions: For the first time, AMT in adjunct use with CABG and cyclosporine demonstrated that cell survived and engrafted in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy;in this small study the cell transplant was safe. The improvement in heart function and quality of life could be secondary to combined effect of bypass and cell transplant. A larger randomized clinical trial is required to confirm the efficacy.

注重从基础研究中汲取胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤诊疗的新思路

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm,pNEN)是最常见的消化系统神经内分泌肿瘤,具有复杂的临床表现和高度异质性,仅从临床角度对其诊疗策略进行归纳总结具有一定难度。近20年来,pNEN的基础研究得到了深入发展,进而推动其理论体系和诊疗策略不断进步,显著提高了pNEN的治疗效果。本文通过回顾近年来pNEN相关基础研究进展,深入探讨基础研究对pNEN临床诊疗的推动作用:一方面,基础研究的发展可进一步揭示pNEN差异性生物学行为的本质,为临床提供参考;另一方面,参考其他肿瘤领域可迁移性的基础研究成果,也是辅助提升pNEN临床诊疗水平的捷径。

WPA1 encodes a vWA domain protein that regulates wheat plant architecture

Plant height,spike,leaf,stem and grain morphologies are key components of plant architecture and related to wheat yield.A wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)mutant,wpa1,displaying temperaturedependent pleiotropic developmental anomalies,was isolated.The WPA1 gene,encoding a von Willebrand factor type A(vWA)domain protein,was located on chromosome arm 7DS and isolated by map-based cloning.The functionality of WPA1 was validated by multiple independent EMS-induced mutants and gene editing.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WPA1 is monocotyledon-specific in higher plants.The identification of WPA1 provides opportunity to study the temperature regulated wheat development and grain yield.

Innovative Mn_(3-x)O_(4-y)@NCA design:Leveraging Mn/O vacancies and amorphous architecture for enhanced sodium-ion storage

Manganese-based oxide electrode materials suffer from severe Jahn-Teller(J-T)distortion,leading to severe cycle instability in sodium ion storage.However,it is difficult to adjust the electron at d orbitals exactly to a low spin state to eliminate orbital degeneracy and suppress J-T distortion fundamentally.This article constructed concentration-controllable Mn/O coupled vacancy and amorphous network in Mn_(3)O_(4) and coated it with nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel(Mn_(3-x)O_(4-y)@NCA).The existence of Mn/O vacancies has been confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy(PALS).Atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)determine the most optimal ratio of Mn/O vacancies for sodium ion storage is 1:2.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations prove that Mn/O coupled vacancies with the ratio of 1:2could exactly induce a low spin states and a d~4 electron configuration of Mn,suppressing the J-T distortion successfully.The abundant amorphous regions can shorten the transport distance of sodium ions,increase the electrochemically active sites and improve the pseudocapacitance response.From the synergetic effect of Mn/O coupled vacancies and amorphous regions,Mn_(3-x)O_(4-y)@NCA exhibits an energy density of 37.5 W h kg^(-1)and an ultra-high power density of 563 W kg^(-1)in an asymmetric supercapacitor.In sodium-ion batteries,it demonstrates high reversible capacity and exceptional cycling stability.This research presents a new method to improve the Na^(+)storage performance in manganese-based oxide,which is expected to be generalized to other structural distortion.

Study on the Correlation between Metabolic Syndrome and Colorectal

Metabolic syndrome has been widely recognized in various studies as being intricately linked to the initiation and progression of colorectal adenoma. The potential pathways through which metabolic syndrome influences colorectal adenoma encompass chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and dysbiosis of the intestinal flora. This review aims to consolidate the understanding of the association between metabolic syndrome and colorectal adenoma, elucidating the interconnected mechanisms between different metabolic syndrome-related disorders and colorectal adenoma. By shedding light on these connections, this review offers valuable insights for the preventive strategies targeting colorectal adenoma.

Fast mapping of a chlorophyll b synthesis-deficiency gene in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) via bulked-segregant analysis with reduced-representation sequencing

Bulked-segregant analysis coupled with next-generation sequencing(BSA-seq) has emerged as an efficient tool for genetic mapping of single genes or major quantitative trait loci controlling(agronomic) traits of interest. However, such a mapping-by-sequencing approach usually relies on deep sequencing and advanced statistical methods. Application of BSA-Seq based on construction of reduced-representation libraries and allele frequency analysis permitted anchoring the barley pale-green(pg) gene on chromosome 3 HL. With further marker-assisted validation, pg was mapped to a 3.9 Mb physical-map interval. In the pg mutant a complete deletion of chlorophyllide a oxygenase(HvCAO) gene was identified.Because the product of this gene converts Chl a to Chl b, the pg mutant is deficient in Chl b.An independent Chl b-less mutant line M4437_2 carried a nonsynonymous substitution(F263 L) in the C domain of HvCAO. The study demonstrates an optimized pooling strategy for fast mapping of agronomically important genes using a segregating population.

Mapping stripe rust resistance genes by BSR-Seq:YrMM58 and YrHY1 on chromosome 2AS in Chinese wheat lines Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 are Yr17

Stripe rust(yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(PST),is one of the most devastating fungal diseases in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in China and worldwide. Resistance breeding is the most effective strategy to control diseases in crop plants. Chinese wheat lines Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 are highly resistant to PST race CYR34(V26) at the adult plant stage. To genetically map the underlying resistance genes we developed segregating populations by crossing Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 with the susceptible cultivar Nongda 399. The stripe rust resistances in Mengmai 58 and Huaiyang 1 were both controlled by single dominant genes, provisionally designated YrMM58 and YrHY1, respectively. Bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq) analysis showed that YrMM58 and YrHY1 were located in the same distal ~16 Mb region on chromosome 2 AS.Comparative genomics analysis with the physical map of Aegilops tauschii proved useful for developing additional markers to saturate the genetic linkage map. YrMM58 and YrHY1 were mapped to the distal end of chromosome arm 2 AS, with the closest marker WGGB148 being 7.7 cM and 3.8 cM from the resistance gene, which was considered to be Yr17. These markers can be used in marker-assisted selection.

Optimal Control of Slurry Pressure during Shield Tunnelling Based on Random Forest and Particle Swarm Optimization

The control of slurry pressure aiming to be consistent with the external water and earth pressure during shield tunnelling has great significance for face stability,especially in urban areas or underwater where the surrounding environment is very sensitive to the fluctuation of slurry pressure.In this study,an optimal control method for slurry pressure during shield tunnelling is developed,which is composed of an identifier and a controller.The established identifier based on the random forest(RF)can describe the complex non-linear relationship between slurry pressure and its influencing factors.The proposed controller based on particle swarm optimization(PSO)can optimize the key factor to precisely control the slurry pressure at the normal state of advancement.A data set from Tsinghua Yuan Tunnel in China was used to train the RF model and several performance measures like R2,RMSE,etc.,were employed to evaluate.Then,the hybrid RF-PSO control method is adopted to optimize the control of slurry pressure.The good agreement between optimized slurry pressure and expected values demonstrates a high identifying and control precision.

Mapping a leaf senescence gene els1 by BSR-Seq in common wheat

Leaf senescence is normally the last stage of plant development. Early senescence of functional leaves significantly reduces the photosynthetic time and efficiency, seriously affecting grain yield and quality in wheat. Discovering genes responsible for early leaf senescence(els) are necessary for developing novel germplasms and cultivars with delayed leaf-senescence through molecular manipulation and marker assisted selection. In this study, we identified an early leaf senescence line M114 in a derivative of a wheat breeding population. Genetic analysis indicated that early leaf senescence in M114 is controlled by a single recessive gene, provisionally designated els1. By applying bulked segregant analysis and RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq), seven polymorphic markers linked to els1 were developed and the gene was located on chromosome arm 2 BS in a 1.5 c M genetic interval between markers WGGB303 and WGGB305. A co-segregating marker, WGGB302, provide a starting point for fine mapping and map-based cloning of els1.

Petroleum coke conversion behavior in catalyst-assisted chemical looping combustion

Efficiently using petroleum coke as fuel and reducing carbon emission meanwhile have become attractive in oil processing industry.The paper is focused on the application of Chemical Looping Combustion(CLC)with petroleum coke,with the purpose of investigating its combustion performance and effects of potassium.Some experiments were performed in a laboratory scale fluidized bed facility with a natural manganese-based oxygen carrier.Experimental results indicated that the coke conversion is very sensitive to reaction temperature.The pre sent natural manganese-based oxygen carrier decorated by K has little effect on the improvement of coke conversion.XRD,SEM-EDX,and H2-TPR were adopted to characterize the reacted oxygen carrier samples.After being decorated by K,the oxygen carrier's capacity of transferring oxygen was decrea sed.A calcination temperature above the melting point of K2 CO3(891℃)shows better oxygen transfer reactivity in comparison to the one calcined at a lower temperature.The natural oxygen carrier used in the work has a high content of Si,which can easily react with K to form K(FeSi2 O6).Further,irrespective of reaction temperature,the coke conversion can be significantly enhanced by decorating the coke with K,with a demonstration of remarkably shorter reaction time,faster average coke gasification rate and higher average carbon conversion rate.

Performance Analysis and Comparison for Two Topologies of Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine

Flux-switching permanent magnet(FSPM)machine is a kind of stator-typed permanent magnet machine,which is suitable for driving electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles because of their large power/torque density and high efficiency.The axial field flux-switching permanent magnet machine(AFFSPMM)and radial field flux-switching permanent magnet machine(RFFSPMM)with H-typed iron cores are reached and compared in this paper.On the condition of the same outer diameters and total volumes,the electromagnetic performances of the two machines are analyzed and compared by the three-dimensional finite element method,including the air gap flux density,inductance,back electromotive force(EMF),electromagnetic torque and loss.The finite element results show that the copper loss of AFFSPMM is higher than that of RFFSPMM at the rated load,however,the total loss of AFFSPMM is lower than that of the RFFSPMM.Meanwhile,AFFSPMM has greater torque than RFFSPMM in the constant power range.The related experiments are done to validate the finite element results,which are basically consistent with experiment results.

Removal of chromium (Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions using quaternized chitosan microspheres

In this study, quaternized chitosan microspheres （QCMS） were prepared and its Cr （VI） removal potential was investigated. Batch experiments were conducted to examine kinetics, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, and thermodynamic parameters. Equilibrium was attained within 50 rain and maximum removal of 97.34% was achieved under the optimum conditions at pH 5. Adsorption data for Cr （VI） uptake by the QCMS were analyzed according to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption models. The maximum uptake of Cr （VI） was 39.1 mg.g-a. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system were determinated at 293 K, 303 K, 313 K and 323 K. （AH° = 16.08 kJ.mol- 1;AG° = -5.84 to -8.08 kJ.mo1-1 and AS° = 74.81 J.K-1 .tool-l）. So the positive values of both A/-F and AS° suggest an endothermic reaction and increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption. AG° values obtained were negative indicating a spontaneous adsorp- tion process. The kinetic process was described by a pseudo-second-order rate equation very well. The results of the present study indicated that the QCMS could he considered as a potential adsorbent for Cr （V1） in aqueous solutions.

Influence of Shear Effects on the Characteristics of Axisymmetric Wave Propagation in a Buried Fluid‑Filled Pipe

The acoustic propagation characteristics of axisymmetric waves have been widely used in leak detection of fluid-filled pipes.The related acoustic methods and equipment are gradually coming to the market,but their theoretical research obviously lags behind the field practice,which seriously restricts the breakthrough and innovation of this technology.Based on the fully three-dimensional effect of the surrounding medium,a coupled motion equation of axisymmetric wave of buried liquid-filled pipes is derived in detail,a contact coefficient is used to express the coupling strength between surrounding medium and pipe,then,a general equation of motion was derived which contain the pipe soil lubrication contact,pipe soil compact contact and pipe in water and air.Finally,the corresponding numerical calculation model is established and solved used numerical method.The shear effects of the surrounding medium and the shear effects at the interface between surrounding medium and pipe are discussed in detail.The output indicates that the surrounding medium is to add mass to the pipe wall,but the shear effect is to add stiffness.With the consideration of the contact strength between the pipe and the medium,the additional mass and the pipe wall will resonate at a specific frequency,resulting in a significant increase in the radiation wave to the surrounding medium.The research contents have great guiding effect on the theory of acoustic wave propagation and the engineering application of leak detection technology in the buried pipe.

亚硝酸钠拜师记

食品防腐剂的出现极大地延长了食品保存的时间,在现代食品工业中占有重要地位。随着生活水平的提高,人们越来越关心食品安全问题,但仍然存在不少误区。本文以拟人化的手法,介绍了几类食品防腐剂的作用原理和利弊,旨在向大众普及科学的防腐剂知识。

Flexible Nanopaper Composed of Wood-Derived Nanofibrillated Cellulose and Graphene Building Blocks

Nanopaper has attracted considerable interest in the fields of films and paper research.However,the challenge of integrating the many advantages of nanopaper still remains.Herein,we developed a facile strategy to fabricate multifunctional nanocomposite paper(NGCP)composed of wood-derived nanofibrillated cellulose(NFC)and graphene as building blocks.NFC suspension was consisted of long and entangled NFCs(10–30 nm in width)and their aggregates.Before NGCP formation,NFC was chemically modified with a silane coupling agent to ensure that it could interact strongly with graphene in NGCP.The resulting NGCP samples were flexible and could be bent repeatedly without any structural damage.Within the NGCP samples,the high aspect ratio of NFC made a major contribution to its high mechanical strength,whereas the sheet-like graphene endowed the NGCP with electrical resistance and electrochemical activity.The mechanical strength of the NGCP samples decreased as their graphene content increased.However,the electrical resistance and electrochemical activity of the NGCP samples both rose with increasing content of graphene.The NGCPs still kept advantageous mechanical properties even at high temperatures around 300℃ because of the high thermal stability of NFCs and their strong entangled web-like structures.In view of its sustainable building blocks and multifunctional characteristics,the NGCP developed in this work is promising as low-cost and high-performance nanopaper.

Switchable 2,3-dithienylmaleimide bonded to different fluorophores: synthesis and photochromic properties

A series of photochromic diarylethene derivatives containing different fluorophores was synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling reaction and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Photochromic conversion of Cz-MS was observed and its structural change was confirmed by proton NMR. Switchable absorption and emission phenomena were observed for these molecules. These phenomena were attributed to the reversible photochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer (pcFRET) process. The design of this novel photochromic system of Py-4MS enables information to be processed in a non-destructive manner. This overcomes the problem of the destructive nature of tracking photochromism using ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectroscopy.

A Convenient Synthesis of Aromatic Fluoride by Thermal Stable Pyridinium Phase-transfer Catalyst

Using 4-Dialkylaminopyridinium salt as a thermal stable phase-transfer catalyst (PTC), the excellent results were obtained in the halogen-exchange fluorination.

A New Virtual Disk Mapping Method for the Cloud Desktop Storage Client

Integration of the cloud desktop and cloud storage platform is urgent for enterprises. However, current proposals for cloud disk are not satisfactory in terms of the decoupling of virtual computing and business data storage in the cloud desktop environment. In this paper, we present a new virtual disk mapping method for cloud desktop storage. In Windows, compared with virtual hard disk method of popular cloud disks, the proposed implementation of client based on the virtual disk driver and the file system filter driver is available for widespread desktop environments, especially for the cloud desktop with limited storage resources. Further more, our method supports customizable local cache storage, resulting in userfriendly experience for thinclients of the cloud desktop. The evaluation results show that our virtual disk mapping method performs well in the readwrite throughput of different scale files.

Clinical Significance of a Rise in AFP in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with Liver Metastasis:One Case Report and Literatures Review

IntroductionUsually the alpha fetoprotein （AFP） concentration of patients with metastatic liver cancer is slightly raised. Most of the levels are lower than 400 ug/L. Following biopsies of lung and liver neoplasms, one patient with a clinical diagnosis of lung cancer plus liver metastasis was pathologically diagnosed having an adenocarcinoma. His serum AFP value was 100-300 times the normal value. In order to further explore the clinical significance of an elevation of the AFP level in patients with lung adenocarcinoma plus liver metastasis, and to precisely distinguish a simple liver metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma or from lung hepatoid adenocarcinoma （HAC）, a clinical analysis of the patient, and a literature review was conducted.