呼吸系统疾病：症状和体征

呼吸系统疾病的主要症状是气短、胸痛和咳嗽，并可伴有咳痰。然而，肺部疾病也可产生远处症状(例如，肺癌的非转移性表现)；而非呼吸系统疾病如贫血也可引起气短。恰当地评价病人需要完整的病史和检查。本文涉及的是直接与呼吸系统有关的方面。

呼吸系统疾病：症状和体征

呼吸系统疾病的主要症状是气短、胸痛和咳嗽，可伴有咳痰。然而，肺部疾病可产生肺外症状(如肺癌的非转移性表现)，非呼吸系统疾病如贫血和代谢性酸中毒也能导致气短。要对任何一名患者做出充分评价需要全面的病史采集和体格检查。本文就直接与呼吸系统有关的问题做一阐述。

Respiratory diseases：symptoms and signs

The primary symptoms of respiratory disorders are breathlessness,chest pain and cough,which may be associated with sputum production.However,disorders of the lungs can produce distant symptoms(e.g.non-metastatic manifestations of lung cancer),and non-respiratory conditions such as anaemia and metabolic acidoss can cause berathlessness.Adequate assessment of any patient requires a full clinical history and examination.This contribution considers aspects directly relevant to the respiratory system.