Mechanical vibration was applied to the solidification of a lost foam cast(LFC) 356 aluminum alloy.Effects of mechanical vibration,with different peak acceleration,on the size and morphology of α-Al phase,and also on...Mechanical vibration was applied to the solidification of a lost foam cast(LFC) 356 aluminum alloy.Effects of mechanical vibration,with different peak acceleration,on the size and morphology of α-Al phase,and also on the mechanical properties of the castings were studied.Results indicated that α-Al dendrites gradually grow into equiaxed grains as the peak acceleration of vibration is increased.When the peak acceleration is between about 1 to 4 g,α-Al phase distribution is uniform and is refined obviously.α-Al dendrites are reduced and the mechanical properties of the castings are improved significantly when compared to those of the castings that are produced without vibration.However,when the peak acceleration is higher than 4 g,strong vibration will lead to defects formation,such as sand adhesion,while the amount and size of pores will be increased.And due to the turbulent flow that caused by strong vibration,the chance of forming large pores in the matrix has been increased significantly.The increase in defects will result in the deterioration of mechanical properties.展开更多
The sodium silicate bonded sand hardened by microwave heating has many advantages,such as low sodium silicate adding quantity,fast hardening speed,high room temperature strength,good collapsibility and certain surface...The sodium silicate bonded sand hardened by microwave heating has many advantages,such as low sodium silicate adding quantity,fast hardening speed,high room temperature strength,good collapsibility and certain surface stability.However,it has big moisture absorbability in the air,which would lead to the compression strength and the surface stability of the sand molds being sharply reduced.In this study,the moisture absorbability of the sodium silicate bonded sand hardened by microwave heating in different humidity conditions and the effect factors were investigated.Meanwhile,the reasons for the big moisture absorbability of the sand were analyzed.Some measures to overcome the problems of high moisture absorbability,bad surface stability and sharply reducing strength in the air were discussed.The results of this study establish the foundation of green and clean foundry technology based on the microwave heating hardening sodium silicate sand process.展开更多
为了准确预测人-车冲突中的碰撞风险,研究了利用碰撞概率评估人-车碰撞风险的预测方法。基于车辆运动特征建立车辆运动学模型,通过采集行人实际过街运动轨迹并提取不确定性特征,采用一阶马尔科夫模型和高斯白噪声建立行人随机运动模型,...为了准确预测人-车冲突中的碰撞风险,研究了利用碰撞概率评估人-车碰撞风险的预测方法。基于车辆运动特征建立车辆运动学模型,通过采集行人实际过街运动轨迹并提取不确定性特征,采用一阶马尔科夫模型和高斯白噪声建立行人随机运动模型,在此基础上构建人-车冲突距离模型;运用蒙特卡洛抽样,提取行人过街过程中的人-车最短距离和碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)分布特征,通过拟合这些特征来估算最短距离和TTC的概率密度函数,建立人-车碰撞概率预测模型;结合2起人-车深度事故案例和3种不同制动特性的自动紧急制动(automatic emergency braking,AEB)系统,对比验证人-车碰撞概率预测模型的有效性。结果显示:建立的行人随机运动模型,其模拟的行人运动速度的均值和标准差与实际值的绝对误差在2%以内,模型精度较高;在事故案例仿真中,车辆与行人在发生碰撞时刻对应的碰撞概率为100%;在车辆加装AEB的仿真中,激进型AEB,法规型AEB以及保守型AEB在触发时刻对应的碰撞概率分别为超过了80%,在30%~40%之间,以及不足5%,这表明人-车碰撞概率预测模型可有效预测2起真实案例中行人和车辆在不同时刻的碰撞风险,且与使用固定触发阈值的AEB相比,建立的人-车碰撞概率预测模型能够更加准确直观地反应人-车碰撞风险。展开更多
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2007AA03Z113)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50775085)
文摘Mechanical vibration was applied to the solidification of a lost foam cast(LFC) 356 aluminum alloy.Effects of mechanical vibration,with different peak acceleration,on the size and morphology of α-Al phase,and also on the mechanical properties of the castings were studied.Results indicated that α-Al dendrites gradually grow into equiaxed grains as the peak acceleration of vibration is increased.When the peak acceleration is between about 1 to 4 g,α-Al phase distribution is uniform and is refined obviously.α-Al dendrites are reduced and the mechanical properties of the castings are improved significantly when compared to those of the castings that are produced without vibration.However,when the peak acceleration is higher than 4 g,strong vibration will lead to defects formation,such as sand adhesion,while the amount and size of pores will be increased.And due to the turbulent flow that caused by strong vibration,the chance of forming large pores in the matrix has been increased significantly.The increase in defects will result in the deterioration of mechanical properties.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under grant No.50575085
文摘The sodium silicate bonded sand hardened by microwave heating has many advantages,such as low sodium silicate adding quantity,fast hardening speed,high room temperature strength,good collapsibility and certain surface stability.However,it has big moisture absorbability in the air,which would lead to the compression strength and the surface stability of the sand molds being sharply reduced.In this study,the moisture absorbability of the sodium silicate bonded sand hardened by microwave heating in different humidity conditions and the effect factors were investigated.Meanwhile,the reasons for the big moisture absorbability of the sand were analyzed.Some measures to overcome the problems of high moisture absorbability,bad surface stability and sharply reducing strength in the air were discussed.The results of this study establish the foundation of green and clean foundry technology based on the microwave heating hardening sodium silicate sand process.
文摘为了准确预测人-车冲突中的碰撞风险,研究了利用碰撞概率评估人-车碰撞风险的预测方法。基于车辆运动特征建立车辆运动学模型,通过采集行人实际过街运动轨迹并提取不确定性特征,采用一阶马尔科夫模型和高斯白噪声建立行人随机运动模型,在此基础上构建人-车冲突距离模型;运用蒙特卡洛抽样,提取行人过街过程中的人-车最短距离和碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)分布特征,通过拟合这些特征来估算最短距离和TTC的概率密度函数,建立人-车碰撞概率预测模型;结合2起人-车深度事故案例和3种不同制动特性的自动紧急制动(automatic emergency braking,AEB)系统,对比验证人-车碰撞概率预测模型的有效性。结果显示:建立的行人随机运动模型,其模拟的行人运动速度的均值和标准差与实际值的绝对误差在2%以内,模型精度较高;在事故案例仿真中,车辆与行人在发生碰撞时刻对应的碰撞概率为100%;在车辆加装AEB的仿真中,激进型AEB,法规型AEB以及保守型AEB在触发时刻对应的碰撞概率分别为超过了80%,在30%~40%之间,以及不足5%,这表明人-车碰撞概率预测模型可有效预测2起真实案例中行人和车辆在不同时刻的碰撞风险,且与使用固定触发阈值的AEB相比,建立的人-车碰撞概率预测模型能够更加准确直观地反应人-车碰撞风险。
