Neuroinflammation hinders repair of the central nervous system(CNS).Stem cell transplantation is a very promising approach for treatment of CNS injuries.However,it is difficult to select seed cells that can both facil...Neuroinflammation hinders repair of the central nervous system(CNS).Stem cell transplantation is a very promising approach for treatment of CNS injuries.However,it is difficult to select seed cells that can both facilitate nerve regeneration and improve the microenvironment in the CNS.In this study,we isolated multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring(Muse)cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.We explored the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of Muse cells in vitro by coculture of Muse cells with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia.Our results showed that Muse cells effectively reduced the transcription and secretion of tumor necrosis factorαand interleukin-1βand increased the expression of transforming growth factor-βand interleukin-10 in microglia.In addition,Muse cells decreased the number of M1 microglia and increased the proportion of M2 microglia in an inflammatory environment more effectively than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.We also show that Muse cells inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and myeloid differentiation primary response protein(MyD88)and inhibited the expression of the phosphorylated forms of transcription factor p65,nuclear factor(NF)-κB inhibitor alpha,and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in microglia.Therefore,we suggest Muse cells cause antineuroinflammatory effects by inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in microglia.Our results shed light on the function of Muse cells in relation to CNS diseases and provide insight into the selection of seed cells.展开更多
Solar-powered desalination is a promising way to resolve the worldwide water crisis for its low con- sumption and simple facility. Considering the fragility and aggregations of traditional materials, which may decreas...Solar-powered desalination is a promising way to resolve the worldwide water crisis for its low con- sumption and simple facility. Considering the fragility and aggregations of traditional materials, which may decrease efficiency, we herein introduce a robust tungsten carbide (WC) nanoarray film as a stable and efficient photothermal material, whose absorption is over 97.5% throughout almost the whole solar spectrum range (220–2200 nm) due to nanoarray structure and thus enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance. Besides, for the first time, we modified the film with sandwich wettability. It accelerates evap- oration by reducing water’s reflection of light, enlarging hydrophobic-hydrophilic boundaries, and depressing heat dissipation. Combining high absorption with unique wettability, the WC nanoarray film offers high solar-to-vapor efficiency of 90.8% and produces drinking water at the rate of (1.06 ± 0.10) kg m^(-2)h^(-1)from man-made seawater and (0.98 ± 0.18) kg m^(-2)h^(-1)from heavy metal sewage under one sun (AM 1.5) while 98% performance remains after 1 h×100 times’ reutilization.展开更多
The technology for implementing a precise soil beating after precise soil levelling was proposed to improve the flatness of the paddy field and shorten the cycle time between the soil beating and levelling;in addition...The technology for implementing a precise soil beating after precise soil levelling was proposed to improve the flatness of the paddy field and shorten the cycle time between the soil beating and levelling;in addition,a laser-controlled paddy field levelling-beater was designed according to the working principle.And the grade and tilt of the levelling scraper and beating mechanism are automatically controlled according to the levelling-beater vertical height and the tractor roll angle,respectively.The designed levelling-beater is capable of precise levelling and beating paddy fields at the same time with an adjustable beating depth.A paddy field test of the levelling-beater was conducted to compare the performance under both manual and automatic control modes,with the roll angles of the tractor and the levelling-beater measured using two attitude and heading reference systems(AHRSs),and the change in grade of the levelling-beater was measured using a global navigation satellite system(GNSS).The test results demonstrate that the operational quality of the levelling-beater is more stable when operating in automatic control mode than when operating in manual control mode.More specifically,the elevation of the levelling-beater varied±4 cm around the mean elevation and roll angle varied within the range of±0.5°when operating in automatic control mode.However,when operating in manual control mode,the elevation and roll angle were greater than±11 cm and±2.5°,respectively.The test results also demonstrate that the laser-controlled paddy field levelling-beater significantly improves the paddy field flatness,and enables it to operate at a stable depth to realise an even levelling and beating layer.More specifically,the maximum variation of elevation was reduced from 26.4 cm before the levelling and beating operation to 11.5 cm after the operation.In addition,the standard deviation of the elevation was reduced from 4.13 cm to 2.18 cm after the operation.The total number of flatness sampling points with the absolute difference of the desired elevation less than or equal to 3cm was more than 86%.The effective beating depth was 14.2 cm,compared with the set beating depth of 15cm,and the standard deviation of the beating depth was 2.46 cm.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81501610 (to XC)a grant for Development of Science and Technology of Wuxi, Nos. N20202030 (to XC), N20192025 (to XSW)Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, No. KYCX20_1960 (to XYY)
文摘Neuroinflammation hinders repair of the central nervous system(CNS).Stem cell transplantation is a very promising approach for treatment of CNS injuries.However,it is difficult to select seed cells that can both facilitate nerve regeneration and improve the microenvironment in the CNS.In this study,we isolated multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring(Muse)cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.We explored the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of Muse cells in vitro by coculture of Muse cells with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia.Our results showed that Muse cells effectively reduced the transcription and secretion of tumor necrosis factorαand interleukin-1βand increased the expression of transforming growth factor-βand interleukin-10 in microglia.In addition,Muse cells decreased the number of M1 microglia and increased the proportion of M2 microglia in an inflammatory environment more effectively than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.We also show that Muse cells inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and myeloid differentiation primary response protein(MyD88)and inhibited the expression of the phosphorylated forms of transcription factor p65,nuclear factor(NF)-κB inhibitor alpha,and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)in microglia.Therefore,we suggest Muse cells cause antineuroinflammatory effects by inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in microglia.Our results shed light on the function of Muse cells in relation to CNS diseases and provide insight into the selection of seed cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676022)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFF0204402)+2 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in the University(IRT1205)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Long-Term Subsidy Mechanism from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of PRC
文摘Solar-powered desalination is a promising way to resolve the worldwide water crisis for its low con- sumption and simple facility. Considering the fragility and aggregations of traditional materials, which may decrease efficiency, we herein introduce a robust tungsten carbide (WC) nanoarray film as a stable and efficient photothermal material, whose absorption is over 97.5% throughout almost the whole solar spectrum range (220–2200 nm) due to nanoarray structure and thus enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance. Besides, for the first time, we modified the film with sandwich wettability. It accelerates evap- oration by reducing water’s reflection of light, enlarging hydrophobic-hydrophilic boundaries, and depressing heat dissipation. Combining high absorption with unique wettability, the WC nanoarray film offers high solar-to-vapor efficiency of 90.8% and produces drinking water at the rate of (1.06 ± 0.10) kg m^(-2)h^(-1)from man-made seawater and (0.98 ± 0.18) kg m^(-2)h^(-1)from heavy metal sewage under one sun (AM 1.5) while 98% performance remains after 1 h×100 times’ reutilization.
基金We acknowledge that this work was supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B020224001)and the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFD0701105).
文摘The technology for implementing a precise soil beating after precise soil levelling was proposed to improve the flatness of the paddy field and shorten the cycle time between the soil beating and levelling;in addition,a laser-controlled paddy field levelling-beater was designed according to the working principle.And the grade and tilt of the levelling scraper and beating mechanism are automatically controlled according to the levelling-beater vertical height and the tractor roll angle,respectively.The designed levelling-beater is capable of precise levelling and beating paddy fields at the same time with an adjustable beating depth.A paddy field test of the levelling-beater was conducted to compare the performance under both manual and automatic control modes,with the roll angles of the tractor and the levelling-beater measured using two attitude and heading reference systems(AHRSs),and the change in grade of the levelling-beater was measured using a global navigation satellite system(GNSS).The test results demonstrate that the operational quality of the levelling-beater is more stable when operating in automatic control mode than when operating in manual control mode.More specifically,the elevation of the levelling-beater varied±4 cm around the mean elevation and roll angle varied within the range of±0.5°when operating in automatic control mode.However,when operating in manual control mode,the elevation and roll angle were greater than±11 cm and±2.5°,respectively.The test results also demonstrate that the laser-controlled paddy field levelling-beater significantly improves the paddy field flatness,and enables it to operate at a stable depth to realise an even levelling and beating layer.More specifically,the maximum variation of elevation was reduced from 26.4 cm before the levelling and beating operation to 11.5 cm after the operation.In addition,the standard deviation of the elevation was reduced from 4.13 cm to 2.18 cm after the operation.The total number of flatness sampling points with the absolute difference of the desired elevation less than or equal to 3cm was more than 86%.The effective beating depth was 14.2 cm,compared with the set beating depth of 15cm,and the standard deviation of the beating depth was 2.46 cm.
