Genetic Variation in Salt Stress Response and Germplasm Resource Evaluation among <i>Lycium</i>Accessions

Genetic variation between naturally occurring ecotypes can be helpful to elucidate the mechanism controlling salt stress response in different environments. The salt stress response of 20 natural accessions or cultivars of Lycium was characterized at a physiological level, following exposed to 300 mM NaCl for 15 days. It is shown that salt stress increased Na+, betaine and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as the relative permeability of plasma membranes, but decreased K+, chlorophyll and glutathione (GSH) content, as well as K+/Na+ ratio compared with their respective control value in most of the varieties, though the increasing or decreasing extent has a clear genetic diversity. The physiological response was utilized to evaluate the salt-tolerant capacity of these varieties by principal component analysis and clustering analysis, and in which total chlorophyll, K+/Na+ ratio and partially GSH have the maximum weight relatively. These varieties could be categorized into four sub-groups, means greatly resistance (Heiguo, Ninqi No. 2 and Beifang), moderately resistant, sensitive, and mostly sensitive (Ninqi No. 7) to salt stress. Our results provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the improvement of saline-alkali land and rational utilization of Lycium germplasm resources in the future.

Dual-Ion Co-Regulation System Enabling High-Performance Electrochemical Artificial Yarn Muscles with Energy-Free Catch States

Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient “rocking-chair” ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, PF_6~- ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li~+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between PF_6~- and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of “rocking-chair” type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of “rocking-chair” type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.

疏水性氨基酸的羟基化研究进展

羟基化氨基酸在生物技术和分子生物学中具有独特价值,具有抗真菌、抗菌、抗病毒和抗癌的特性。通过比较化学合成与生物催化合成羟基氨基酸的异同,选择具有高对映结构选择性的生物催化合成方法成为羟基氨基酸合成的首选。生物催化实现疏水性氨基酸的羟基化和羟化酶紧密相关,而羟化酶又是单核非血红素Fe(Ⅱ)和α-酮戊二酸依赖型双加氧酶(Fe/αKGDs)的一种,Fe/αKGDs存在共性催化机制。因此,疏水性氨基酸在被催化的过程中,会利用关键中间体高价铁-超氧复合体(Fe(Ⅳ)=O)引起多种氧化转化,从而完成羟基化过程。文中就疏水性氨基酸的羟基化合成及功能应用,尤其是(2S,3R,4S)-4-羟基-异亮氨酸(4-HIL)和羟脯氨酸,进行了详细的阐述,探讨了Fe/αKGDs的共性催化反应机制,并对羟基氨基酸在基础研究和工业中的应用进行了综述。

A Facile One-Step Synthesis of TiOe/Graphene Composites for Photodegradation of Methyl Orange

TiO2/graphene composite photocatalysts have been prepared by a simple liquid phase deposition method using titanium tetrafluoride and electron beam （EB） irradiation-pretreated graphene as the raw materials. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of varying the synthesis parameters such as graphene content, concentration of titanium tetrafluoride solution and irradiation dose were investigated. It was found that the preparation conditions had a significant effect on the structure and properties of the final products. The irradiated graphene was covered with petal-like anatase TiO2 nanoparticles, which were more uniform and smaller in size than those in products synthesized without EB irradiation-pretreated graphene. The photocatalytic activities of the products were evaluated using the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange as a probe reaction. The results showed that the products synthesized using EB irradiation-pretreated graphene exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than those using graphene without EB irradiation pretreatment.

Edge Bundling in Information Visualization

The edge, which can encode relational data in graphs and multidimensional data in parallel coordinates plots, is an important visual primitive for encoding data in information visualization research. However, when data become very large, visualizations often suffer from visual clutter as thousands of edges can easily overwhelm the display and obscure underlying patterns. Many edge-bundling techniques have been proposed to reduce visual clutter in visualizations. In this survey, we briefly introduce the visual-clutter problem in visualizations. Thereafter, we review the cost-based, geometry-based, and image-based edge-bundling methods for graphs, parallel coordinates, and flow maps. We then describe the various visualization applications that use edge-bundling techniques and discuss the evaluation studies concerning the effectiveness of edge-bundling methods. An edge-bundling taxonomy is proposed at the end of this survey.

Influence mechanism of boron segregation on the microstructure evolution and hot ductility of super austenitic stainless steel S32654

Influence mechanism of B segregation on the microstructure evolution and hot ductility of S32654 at850-1250℃was systematically investigated through experimental research and theoretical calculation.The results demonstrated that the segregation of B at grain boundary(GB)played different roles in the microstructure evolution and hot ductility at various temperatures.At 850℃,B segregation inhibited Mo segregation at the GB and enhanced the GB cohesion.At 900-950℃,B segregation restricted the diffusion and segregation of Mo to the GB,inhibiting the precipitation ofσphase.At 1000-1050℃,B segregation accelerated the dislocation accumulation and limited the GB migration,promoting the nucleation and inhibiting the growth of DRX grains.At 1100-1150℃,B has little effect on the DRX due to sufficient energy supply by higher temperature.Under the above beneficial effects of B,the hot ductility of S32654 was improved to varying degrees at 850-1150℃.However,as the temperature increased to1200-1250℃,B segregation decreased the solidus temperature and enhanced the liquefaction cracking tendency,resulting in a deterioration of the hot ductility.

Comparison and assessment of NDVI time series for seasonal wetland classification

Satellite-based wetland mapping faces challenges due to the high spatial heterogeneity and dynamic characteristics of seasonal wetlands.Although normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)time series(NTS)shows great potential in land cover mapping and crop classification,the effectiveness of various NTS with different spatial and temporal resolution has not been evaluated for seasonal wetland classification.To address this issue,we conducted comparisons of those NTS,including the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)NTS with 500 m resolution,NTS fused with MODIS and Landsat data(MOD_LC8-NTS),and HJ-1 NDVI compositions(HJ-1-NTS)with finer resolution,for wetland classification of Poyang Lake.Results showed the following:(1)the NTS with finer resolution was more effective in the classification of seasonal wetlands than that of the MODIS-NTS with 500-m resolution and(2)generally,the HJ-1-NTS performed better than that of the fused NTS,with an overall accuracy of 88.12%for HJ-1-NTS and 83.09%for the MOD_LC8-NTS.Future work should focus on the construction of satellite image time series oriented to highly dynamic characteristics of seasonal wetlands.This study will provide useful guidance for seasonal wetland classification,and benefit the improvements of spatiotemporal fusion models.

MViewer： mobile phone spatiotemporal data viewer

Nowadays movement patterns and people＇s be- havioral models are needed for traffic engineers and city plan- ners. These observations could be used to reason about mobil- ity and its sustainability and to support decision makers with reliable information. The very same knowledge about human diaspora and behavior extracted from these data is also valu- able to the urban planner, so as to localize new services, orga- nize logistics systems and to detect changes as they occur in the movement behavior. Moreover, it is interesting to inves- tigate movement in places like a shopping area or a working district either for commercial purposes or for improving the service quality. These kinds of tracking data are made avail- able by wireless and mobile communication technologies. It is now possible to record and collect a large amount of mobile phone calls in a city. Technologies for object tracking have recently become affordable and reliable and hence we were able to collect mobile phone data from a city in China from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008. The large amount of phone call records from mobile operators can be considered as life mates and sensors of persons to inform how many peo- ple are present in any given area and how many are entering or leaving. Each phone call record usually contains the caller and callee IDs, date and time, and the base station where the phone calls are made. As mobile phones are widely used in our daily life, many human behaviors can be revealed by an- alyzing mobile phone data. Through mobile phones, we can learn the information about locations, communications be- tween mobile phone users during their daily lives.In this work, we propose a comprehensive visual analysissystem named as MViewer, Mobile phone spatiotemporal data Viewer, which is the first system to visualize and analyze the population＇s mobility patterns from millions of phone call records. Our system consists of three major components： 1） visual analysis of user groups in a base station; 2） visual anal- ysis of the mobility patterns on different user groups mak- ing phone calls in certain base stations; 3） visual analysis of handoff phone call records. Some well-established visu- alization techniques such as parallel coordinates and pixel- based representations have been integrated into our system. We also develop a novel visualization schemes, Voronoi- diagram-based visual encoding to reveal the unique features of mobile phone data. We have applied our system to real mobile phone datasets that are kindly provided by our project partners and obtained some interesting findings regarding people＇s mobility patterns.

Enabling rechargeable Li-MnO_(2) batteries using ether electrolytes

A low-carbon future demands more affordable batteries utilizing abundant elements with sustainable end-of-life battery management.Despite the economic and environmental advantages of Li-MnO_(2)batteries,their applica-tion so far has been largely constrained to primary batteries.Here,we demonstrate that one of the major limiting factors preventing the stable cycling of Li-MnO_(2)batteries,Mn dissolution,can be effectively mitigated by employing a common ether electrolyte,1 mol/L lithium bis(trifluorometha-nesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)in 1,3-dioxane(DOL)/1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME).We discover that the suppression of this dissolution enables highly reversible cycling of the MnO_(2)cathode regardless of the synthesized phase and morphology.Moreover,we find that both the LiPF_(6)salt and carbonate solvents present in conventional electrolytes are responsible for previous cycling challenges.The ether electrolyte,paired with MnO_(2)cathodes is able to demonstrate stable cycling performance at various rates,even at elevated temperature such as 60℃.Our discovery not only represents a defining step in Li-MnO_(2)batteries with extended life but provides design criteria of electrolytes for vast manganese-based cathodes in rechargeable batteries.

Molecular engineering tuning optoelectronic properties of thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes-based electrochromic polymers

Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene(TT)monomers end-capped with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT)moieties are electropolymerized to formπ-conjugated polymers with distinct electrochromic(EC)properties.Steric and electronic factors(electron donor and acceptor substituents)in the side groups of the TT core,as well as the structure of the polymer backbone strongly affect the electrochemical and optical properties of the polymers and their electrochromic characteristics.The studied polymers show low oxidation potentials,tunable from-0.78 to+0.30 V(vs.Fc/Fc^+)and the band gaps from 1.46 to 1.92 eV and demonstrate wide variety of color palettes in polymer films in different states,finely tunable by structural variations in the polymer backbone and the side chains.EC materials of different colors in their doped/dedoped states have been developed(violet,deep blue,light blue,green,brown,purple-red,pinkish-red,orange-red,light gray,cyan and colorless transparent).High optical contrast(up to 79%),short response time(0.57-0.80 s),good cycling stability(up to 91%at 2000 cycles)and high coloration efficiency(up to 234.6 cm2C^(-1))have been demonstrated and the influence of different factors on the above parameters of EC polymers have been discussed.

Why are the Qinling Mountains Significant to China?

0 INTRODUCTION The Qinling Mountains(QM),located at the geographical center of China,serve as a crucial dividing line between the northern and southern and play a vital role as an ecological security barrier,significantly influencing the country's geological,geographical,and ecological landscape(Jia et al.,2023;Peng et al.,2023).The QM stretch from the White Stone Mountain in the northern part of Lintan County,Gansu Province,to the Funiu Mountains in Henan Province in the east.