The paper presents a Precaution Index (P) developed to create an instrument to assess the potential risk related to the presence of pollution sources next to milk production farms. The methodology starts from the inve...The paper presents a Precaution Index (P) developed to create an instrument to assess the potential risk related to the presence of pollution sources next to milk production farms. The methodology starts from the inventory and geo-referencing of all pollution sources in an area, with the help of the multi-criteria decision analysis. Results are represented in a map of P, which highlights which areas are most at risk and need monitoring, and which pollutants may be involved. This may help in the early identification of emerging hazards to food safety. P was calculated for the milk production in an Italian region. Results show that 97% of the area is in a condition of minimum precaution that would be needed in controlling the safety of dairy products.展开更多
Atmospheric concentrations of many trace elements are significantly affected by human activities, and their quantification in atmospheric deposition can be useful to ascribe to different sources of pollution. An impor...Atmospheric concentrations of many trace elements are significantly affected by human activities, and their quantification in atmospheric deposition can be useful to ascribe to different sources of pollution. An important source of pollution, which creates concern in the inhabitants of neighboring areas, are waste-to-energy-plants, that nonetheless are necessary in the actual management of municipal solid waste. For this reason the waste-to-energy (WEP) plant of Bologna (Italy) was monitored from 2006 to 2008, collecting rainfall water in 6 sites around it. Moreover, dry deposition of pollutants was determined after leaching from leaves, with four samples collected during 2007. Trace elements were analyzed using spectrometry, deposition and fluxes were calculated. Results show that there is a large variability of concentrations of trace elements both in time and space. Moreover, the pollution in the area is quite diffused, with no clear determination of the role of the WEP. As a general remark, elements and trace elements found both in rainfall water and in leaching water from leaves showed a diffused pollution in all the monitored sites, probably due to the WEP but also to industrial/commercial area, large constructions and high traffic roads. In any case the values found in the area are comparable to values detected in similar area all over the world.展开更多
文摘The paper presents a Precaution Index (P) developed to create an instrument to assess the potential risk related to the presence of pollution sources next to milk production farms. The methodology starts from the inventory and geo-referencing of all pollution sources in an area, with the help of the multi-criteria decision analysis. Results are represented in a map of P, which highlights which areas are most at risk and need monitoring, and which pollutants may be involved. This may help in the early identification of emerging hazards to food safety. P was calculated for the milk production in an Italian region. Results show that 97% of the area is in a condition of minimum precaution that would be needed in controlling the safety of dairy products.
文摘Atmospheric concentrations of many trace elements are significantly affected by human activities, and their quantification in atmospheric deposition can be useful to ascribe to different sources of pollution. An important source of pollution, which creates concern in the inhabitants of neighboring areas, are waste-to-energy-plants, that nonetheless are necessary in the actual management of municipal solid waste. For this reason the waste-to-energy (WEP) plant of Bologna (Italy) was monitored from 2006 to 2008, collecting rainfall water in 6 sites around it. Moreover, dry deposition of pollutants was determined after leaching from leaves, with four samples collected during 2007. Trace elements were analyzed using spectrometry, deposition and fluxes were calculated. Results show that there is a large variability of concentrations of trace elements both in time and space. Moreover, the pollution in the area is quite diffused, with no clear determination of the role of the WEP. As a general remark, elements and trace elements found both in rainfall water and in leaching water from leaves showed a diffused pollution in all the monitored sites, probably due to the WEP but also to industrial/commercial area, large constructions and high traffic roads. In any case the values found in the area are comparable to values detected in similar area all over the world.
