The objective of this study is to analyze the dendrochronological potential of two Sahelian species (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B. senegalensis</span></i><span style=&qu...The objective of this study is to analyze the dendrochronological potential of two Sahelian species (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B. senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. birrea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and to evaluate the rela</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tionships between their growth rings and the climate. The study was con</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ducted in 2016 in the Ferlo area of Senegal. The biological material consists of wood slices, taken from the trunks of these adult woody species at 0.30 m and 1.30 m from the ground after they have been felled. The technique used to examine the slices consists in identifying their rings, establishing their structures, inter-dating them and studying the relationship between the identified rings and climatic factors. The results showed that the species had thin, clear, highly visible and sharp rings. The limit of growth is marked by a line of parenchyma. Intradatation series carried out on the chronologies made it possible to estimate the ages of the individuals, which vary from 10 to 38 years for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B. senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and from 29 to 50 years for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. birrea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Their average growth </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rates are estimated at 0.906 mm/year and 0.89 mm/year respectively. The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">chronological sequences are 29 years (1987-2016) for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B. senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 38 years (1964-2012) for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. birrea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The results revealed that there is no significant correlation between the growth chronologies of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B. senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">climatic regressors (temperature and precipitation). In contrast, the ring-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">climate relationship shows that in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. birrea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> winter precipitation positively influences ring growth while temperature has no effect on ring growth in this species. This study provides a better understanding of the response of forest ecosystems to possible climate change, particularly in the current context of sustainable forest management.</span>展开更多
Cassava is a considerable source of food and income for the rural community of the south of Chad. Despite the importance of the diversity of cultivars in situ, their morphological traits and agronomic performance are ...Cassava is a considerable source of food and income for the rural community of the south of Chad. Despite the importance of the diversity of cultivars in situ, their morphological traits and agronomic performance are under investigated. The aim of this study is to characterize and analyze the variability structure of the cassava’s germplasm. Fifty nine cultivars collected from five main cassava growing regions, were evaluated by forty five agro-morphological descriptors in a Fisher design replicated three times. Data were collected at three, six, nine and twelve months after planting. High phenotypic variability was shown within the collection for the color of apical leaf, vein leaf, petiole, roots and pulp. The same case was observed for the root peduncle, the shape of the central leaflet and the root, the cortex root thickness and the texture of root epidermis. Significant to highly significant differences were observed for all the quantitative traits. High variability were shown for the size of the leaf lobe, petiole length, plant height, root number and length, harvest index, above-ground biomass and fresh root weight. Positive correlations were found between the leaflet and leaf lobe number. Fresh root weight was also positively correlated to the root number, length and diameter. Principal component analysis (PCA) on quantitative variable revealed four groups with two of them containing performant cultivars: Group II with small root, high potential yield but less leaflet and leaf lobe and group III characterized by some cultivars with high productivity, more leaflet and leaf lobe, more and bigger roots. At regional level, significant differences were shown within cultivars which were discriminated in relation to their origin region by the number of the leaf lobes. The better cultivars and the interesting traits could be used to improve cassava production in Chad.展开更多
文摘The objective of this study is to analyze the dendrochronological potential of two Sahelian species (<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B. senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. birrea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and to evaluate the rela</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tionships between their growth rings and the climate. The study was con</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ducted in 2016 in the Ferlo area of Senegal. The biological material consists of wood slices, taken from the trunks of these adult woody species at 0.30 m and 1.30 m from the ground after they have been felled. The technique used to examine the slices consists in identifying their rings, establishing their structures, inter-dating them and studying the relationship between the identified rings and climatic factors. The results showed that the species had thin, clear, highly visible and sharp rings. The limit of growth is marked by a line of parenchyma. Intradatation series carried out on the chronologies made it possible to estimate the ages of the individuals, which vary from 10 to 38 years for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B. senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and from 29 to 50 years for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. birrea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Their average growth </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rates are estimated at 0.906 mm/year and 0.89 mm/year respectively. The </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">chronological sequences are 29 years (1987-2016) for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B. senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 38 years (1964-2012) for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. birrea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The results revealed that there is no significant correlation between the growth chronologies of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">B. senegalensis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">climatic regressors (temperature and precipitation). In contrast, the ring-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">climate relationship shows that in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. birrea</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> winter precipitation positively influences ring growth while temperature has no effect on ring growth in this species. This study provides a better understanding of the response of forest ecosystems to possible climate change, particularly in the current context of sustainable forest management.</span>
文摘Cassava is a considerable source of food and income for the rural community of the south of Chad. Despite the importance of the diversity of cultivars in situ, their morphological traits and agronomic performance are under investigated. The aim of this study is to characterize and analyze the variability structure of the cassava’s germplasm. Fifty nine cultivars collected from five main cassava growing regions, were evaluated by forty five agro-morphological descriptors in a Fisher design replicated three times. Data were collected at three, six, nine and twelve months after planting. High phenotypic variability was shown within the collection for the color of apical leaf, vein leaf, petiole, roots and pulp. The same case was observed for the root peduncle, the shape of the central leaflet and the root, the cortex root thickness and the texture of root epidermis. Significant to highly significant differences were observed for all the quantitative traits. High variability were shown for the size of the leaf lobe, petiole length, plant height, root number and length, harvest index, above-ground biomass and fresh root weight. Positive correlations were found between the leaflet and leaf lobe number. Fresh root weight was also positively correlated to the root number, length and diameter. Principal component analysis (PCA) on quantitative variable revealed four groups with two of them containing performant cultivars: Group II with small root, high potential yield but less leaflet and leaf lobe and group III characterized by some cultivars with high productivity, more leaflet and leaf lobe, more and bigger roots. At regional level, significant differences were shown within cultivars which were discriminated in relation to their origin region by the number of the leaf lobes. The better cultivars and the interesting traits could be used to improve cassava production in Chad.
基金This research was funded by the Total Foundation,UMI3189‘Environnement,Sante,Societes’(UCAD,CNRS,CNRST,USTTB,UGB)the Labex DRIIHM,programme‘Investissements d’avenir’with the reference ANR-11-LABX-0010.