Liquid lead-lithium (Pb-16Li) is of primary interest as one of the candidate materials for tritium breeder, neutron multiplier and coolant fluid in liquid metal blanket concepts relevant to fusion power plants. For an...Liquid lead-lithium (Pb-16Li) is of primary interest as one of the candidate materials for tritium breeder, neutron multiplier and coolant fluid in liquid metal blanket concepts relevant to fusion power plants. For an effective and reliable operation of such high temperature liquid metal systems, monitoring and control of critical process parameters is essential. However, limited operational experience coupled with high temperature operating conditions and corrosive nature of Pb-16Li severely limited application of commercially available diagnostic tools. This paper illustrates indigenous calibration test facility designs and experimental methods used to develop non-contact configuration level diagnostics using pulse radar level sensor, wetted configuration pressure diagnostics using diaphragm seal type pressure sensor and bulk temperature diagnostics with temperature profiling for high temperature, high pressure liquid Pb and Pb-16Li applications. Calibration check of these sensors was performed using analytical methods, at temperature between 380°C - 400°C and pressure upto 1 MPa (g). Reliability and performance validation were achieved through long duration testing of sensors in liquid Pb and liquid Pb-16Li environment for over 1000 hour. Estimated deviation for radar level sensor lies within [−3.36 mm, +13.64 mm] and the estimated error for pressure sensor lies within 1.1% of calibrated span over the entire test duration. Results obtained and critical observations from these tests are presented in this paper.展开更多
Adult male and female golden mahseer(n=10-12)were collected during summer,monsoon,pre-winter and winter for evaluating gonadal seasonality,condition factor(CF),viscera-hepatosomatic index(VHSI),hepatocyte density(HD)a...Adult male and female golden mahseer(n=10-12)were collected during summer,monsoon,pre-winter and winter for evaluating gonadal seasonality,condition factor(CF),viscera-hepatosomatic index(VHSI),hepatocyte density(HD)and muscle fatty acid(FA)profile.In summer and monsoon,all males,but only 67%and 71%of females,were spawning capable in respective seasons.In pre-winter,males were mostly in regressing,but females were in regenerating phases.In winter,50%of males and 14%of females were in the early spawning capable phase.VHSI and HD,in males only,were respectively highest and lowest in winter,indicating their nutrient recovery starting in pre-winter and completing in winter.Seasonal muscle FA profile of females only was linked to gonadal status,where C20:1,C22:1,C18:3n-6,C18:3n-3,C20:4n-3,C22:6n-3,total n-3 and n-6 FAs were depleted in peak spawning seasons.Overall,it was found that their spawning peak falls in summer and monsoon,but few early and late spawners were detected in winter and pre-winter,respectively.Males and females exhibited a different reproduction-linked nutrient allocation pattern;hepatic nutrient dynamic was prominent in males,but muscle FA dynamic was pronounced in females.CF dynamic was similar in both sexes.展开更多
文摘Liquid lead-lithium (Pb-16Li) is of primary interest as one of the candidate materials for tritium breeder, neutron multiplier and coolant fluid in liquid metal blanket concepts relevant to fusion power plants. For an effective and reliable operation of such high temperature liquid metal systems, monitoring and control of critical process parameters is essential. However, limited operational experience coupled with high temperature operating conditions and corrosive nature of Pb-16Li severely limited application of commercially available diagnostic tools. This paper illustrates indigenous calibration test facility designs and experimental methods used to develop non-contact configuration level diagnostics using pulse radar level sensor, wetted configuration pressure diagnostics using diaphragm seal type pressure sensor and bulk temperature diagnostics with temperature profiling for high temperature, high pressure liquid Pb and Pb-16Li applications. Calibration check of these sensors was performed using analytical methods, at temperature between 380°C - 400°C and pressure upto 1 MPa (g). Reliability and performance validation were achieved through long duration testing of sensors in liquid Pb and liquid Pb-16Li environment for over 1000 hour. Estimated deviation for radar level sensor lies within [−3.36 mm, +13.64 mm] and the estimated error for pressure sensor lies within 1.1% of calibrated span over the entire test duration. Results obtained and critical observations from these tests are presented in this paper.
文摘Adult male and female golden mahseer(n=10-12)were collected during summer,monsoon,pre-winter and winter for evaluating gonadal seasonality,condition factor(CF),viscera-hepatosomatic index(VHSI),hepatocyte density(HD)and muscle fatty acid(FA)profile.In summer and monsoon,all males,but only 67%and 71%of females,were spawning capable in respective seasons.In pre-winter,males were mostly in regressing,but females were in regenerating phases.In winter,50%of males and 14%of females were in the early spawning capable phase.VHSI and HD,in males only,were respectively highest and lowest in winter,indicating their nutrient recovery starting in pre-winter and completing in winter.Seasonal muscle FA profile of females only was linked to gonadal status,where C20:1,C22:1,C18:3n-6,C18:3n-3,C20:4n-3,C22:6n-3,total n-3 and n-6 FAs were depleted in peak spawning seasons.Overall,it was found that their spawning peak falls in summer and monsoon,but few early and late spawners were detected in winter and pre-winter,respectively.Males and females exhibited a different reproduction-linked nutrient allocation pattern;hepatic nutrient dynamic was prominent in males,but muscle FA dynamic was pronounced in females.CF dynamic was similar in both sexes.
