Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is associated with oxidative stress, and ultimately results in cognitive deficit. Despite existing literature on the pathophysiology of AD, there is currently no cure for AD. The present stu...Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is associated with oxidative stress, and ultimately results in cognitive deficit. Despite existing literature on the pathophysiology of AD, there is currently no cure for AD. The present study investigated the effects of kaempferol（Kmp） isolated from the extract of Mespilus germanica L.（medlar） leaves on cognitive impairment, hippocampal antioxidants, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and neuro-inflammation markers in ovariectomized（OVX） rat models of sporadic AD. Kaempferol, as the main flavonoid of medlar extract has been previously known for anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-neurotoxic effects. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were ovariectomized, and randomly divided into four groups： sham, OVX ＋ saline, OVX ＋ streptozotocin（STZ） ＋ saline, OVX ＋ STZ ＋ Kmp. Animals received intracerebroventricular injection of STZ（3 mg/kg, twice with one day interval） to establish models of sporadic AD. Intraperitoneal injection of Kmp（10 mg/kg） for 21 days was performed in the OVX ＋ STZ ＋ Kmp group. Spatial learning and memory of rats were evaluated using a Morris water maze. Finally, brain homogenates were used for biochemical analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed a significant improvement in spatial learning and memory as evidenced by shortened escape latency and searching distance in Morris water maze in the OVX ＋ STZ ＋ Kmp group compared with the OVX ＋ STZ group. Kmp also exhibited significant elevations in brain levels of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, while reduction in tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde. Our results demonstrate that Kmp is capable of alleviating STZ-induced memory impairment in OVX rats, probably by elevating endogenous hippocampal antioxidants of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and reducing neuroinflammation. This study suggests that Kmp may be a potential neuroprotective agent against cognitive deficit in AD.展开更多
In this study, the potential for recovery mediated by co-treatment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) on functional recovery after Ibotenic acid (Ibo) lesion of th...In this study, the potential for recovery mediated by co-treatment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) on functional recovery after Ibotenic acid (Ibo) lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) was examined. Ibotenic acid was injected bilaterally into the NBM of experimental rats, then the animals received treatments as follows: ASCs (500 × 103), BDNF (5 ug/ul) and a combination of BDNF and ASCs. Two months after the treatment, cognitive recovery was assessed by the Morris water-maze. These results showed that ASCs transplantation may have therapeutic value in disease and conditions that result in memory loss, and co-treatment with BDNF doesn’t offer more efficacious cognitive function.展开更多
Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is a cluster of risk factors for various metabolic diseases,and it is characterized by central obesity,dyslipidemia,hypertension,and insulin resistance.The core component for MetS is adipose ti...Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is a cluster of risk factors for various metabolic diseases,and it is characterized by central obesity,dyslipidemia,hypertension,and insulin resistance.The core component for MetS is adipose tissue,which releases adipokines and influences physical health.Adipokines consist of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and contribute to various physiological functions.Generally,a sedentary lifestyle promotes fat accumulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines.However,regular exercise has been known to exert various beneficial effects on metabolic and cognitive disorders.Although the mechanisms underlying exercise beneficial effects in MetS are not fully understood,changes in energy expenditure,fat accumulation,circulatory level of myokines,and adipokines might be involved.This review article focuses on some of the selected adipokines in MetS,and their responses to exercise training considering possible mechanisms.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from Research and Technology Chancellor of Guilan University of Medical Sciences,Iran(No.IR.GUMS.REC.1936.51)
文摘Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is associated with oxidative stress, and ultimately results in cognitive deficit. Despite existing literature on the pathophysiology of AD, there is currently no cure for AD. The present study investigated the effects of kaempferol（Kmp） isolated from the extract of Mespilus germanica L.（medlar） leaves on cognitive impairment, hippocampal antioxidants, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and neuro-inflammation markers in ovariectomized（OVX） rat models of sporadic AD. Kaempferol, as the main flavonoid of medlar extract has been previously known for anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-neurotoxic effects. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were ovariectomized, and randomly divided into four groups： sham, OVX ＋ saline, OVX ＋ streptozotocin（STZ） ＋ saline, OVX ＋ STZ ＋ Kmp. Animals received intracerebroventricular injection of STZ（3 mg/kg, twice with one day interval） to establish models of sporadic AD. Intraperitoneal injection of Kmp（10 mg/kg） for 21 days was performed in the OVX ＋ STZ ＋ Kmp group. Spatial learning and memory of rats were evaluated using a Morris water maze. Finally, brain homogenates were used for biochemical analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed a significant improvement in spatial learning and memory as evidenced by shortened escape latency and searching distance in Morris water maze in the OVX ＋ STZ ＋ Kmp group compared with the OVX ＋ STZ group. Kmp also exhibited significant elevations in brain levels of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, while reduction in tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde. Our results demonstrate that Kmp is capable of alleviating STZ-induced memory impairment in OVX rats, probably by elevating endogenous hippocampal antioxidants of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and reducing neuroinflammation. This study suggests that Kmp may be a potential neuroprotective agent against cognitive deficit in AD.
文摘In this study, the potential for recovery mediated by co-treatment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) on functional recovery after Ibotenic acid (Ibo) lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) was examined. Ibotenic acid was injected bilaterally into the NBM of experimental rats, then the animals received treatments as follows: ASCs (500 × 103), BDNF (5 ug/ul) and a combination of BDNF and ASCs. Two months after the treatment, cognitive recovery was assessed by the Morris water-maze. These results showed that ASCs transplantation may have therapeutic value in disease and conditions that result in memory loss, and co-treatment with BDNF doesn’t offer more efficacious cognitive function.
文摘Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is a cluster of risk factors for various metabolic diseases,and it is characterized by central obesity,dyslipidemia,hypertension,and insulin resistance.The core component for MetS is adipose tissue,which releases adipokines and influences physical health.Adipokines consist of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and contribute to various physiological functions.Generally,a sedentary lifestyle promotes fat accumulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines.However,regular exercise has been known to exert various beneficial effects on metabolic and cognitive disorders.Although the mechanisms underlying exercise beneficial effects in MetS are not fully understood,changes in energy expenditure,fat accumulation,circulatory level of myokines,and adipokines might be involved.This review article focuses on some of the selected adipokines in MetS,and their responses to exercise training considering possible mechanisms.
