The use of air scrubbers to reduce ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions from buildings on pig farms is one of the most promising techniques in the GÖteborg protocol and other European regulations includ...The use of air scrubbers to reduce ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions from buildings on pig farms is one of the most promising techniques in the GÖteborg protocol and other European regulations including the Industrial Emission Directive. In France, some air scrubbers are currently used on pig farms, mainly to reduce odours from livestock buildings. However, recent research revealed the production of N<sub>2</sub>O resulting from the treatment of air from pig buildings. In this context, a two-month study was conducted on a pig farm with 750 places for fattening pigs to check the abatement of NH3 emissions and to assess the possible production of N<sub>2</sub>O during treatment of exhausted air from buildings housing fattening pigs by a air scrubber. Concentrations of NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O in the inlet and outlet air of the scrubber were continuously monitored using an Innova 1412 infrared analyzer. With the scrubber operating parameters (airflow, design, size), our results confirmed the production of N<sub>2</sub>O in the order of 5% of NH<sub>3</sub>-N reduced. N<sub>2</sub>O was produced by biological nitrification and/or denitrification inside the air scrubber. Statistical analysis (Pearson’s test) showed that the production of N<sub>2</sub>O was strongly influenced by the rate of airflow and the outside temperature. The abatement of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from the building was only 33%, i.e. much lower than the 70% - 90% usually cited in the literature.展开更多
Covering the slurry pit has been shown to be one of the best ways to reduce ammonia emissions (NH<sub>3</sub>) during manure management. Yet, few studies have been conducted at farm scale. We studied the f...Covering the slurry pit has been shown to be one of the best ways to reduce ammonia emissions (NH<sub>3</sub>) during manure management. Yet, few studies have been conducted at farm scale. We studied the feasibility of three cover materials (peat, polystyrene balls and synthetic sheet roof) to reduce ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions during on-farm storage of pig slurry. The impact on greenhouse gas emissions, methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) of covering the slurry pit was also evaluated. Simultaneous field experiments were carried out using two similar pits at a farm with peat and polystyrene ball covers, which allowed direct comparison of the feasibility of the two covers to reduce gas emissions (measured using the dynamic chamber technique). Emissions from the third option (using a synthetic sheet roof) were estimated by measuring the concentrations in the headspace under the cover and the air leakage from the cover with a tracer gas (CO<sub>2</sub>). Results showed that the polystyrene balls cover reduced emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> during storage by up to 80% whatever the season, but increased potential greenhouse gas emissions by 20% in summer. No consistent reduction was achieved with the peat cover even though some individual results seemed to indicate up to 25% reduction in ammonia emissions;moreover, there was a 30% increase in CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the storage period. The use of a synthetic sheet roof enabled up to 90% reduction in NH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions whatever the season.展开更多
文摘The use of air scrubbers to reduce ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions from buildings on pig farms is one of the most promising techniques in the GÖteborg protocol and other European regulations including the Industrial Emission Directive. In France, some air scrubbers are currently used on pig farms, mainly to reduce odours from livestock buildings. However, recent research revealed the production of N<sub>2</sub>O resulting from the treatment of air from pig buildings. In this context, a two-month study was conducted on a pig farm with 750 places for fattening pigs to check the abatement of NH3 emissions and to assess the possible production of N<sub>2</sub>O during treatment of exhausted air from buildings housing fattening pigs by a air scrubber. Concentrations of NH<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O in the inlet and outlet air of the scrubber were continuously monitored using an Innova 1412 infrared analyzer. With the scrubber operating parameters (airflow, design, size), our results confirmed the production of N<sub>2</sub>O in the order of 5% of NH<sub>3</sub>-N reduced. N<sub>2</sub>O was produced by biological nitrification and/or denitrification inside the air scrubber. Statistical analysis (Pearson’s test) showed that the production of N<sub>2</sub>O was strongly influenced by the rate of airflow and the outside temperature. The abatement of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from the building was only 33%, i.e. much lower than the 70% - 90% usually cited in the literature.
文摘Covering the slurry pit has been shown to be one of the best ways to reduce ammonia emissions (NH<sub>3</sub>) during manure management. Yet, few studies have been conducted at farm scale. We studied the feasibility of three cover materials (peat, polystyrene balls and synthetic sheet roof) to reduce ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) emissions during on-farm storage of pig slurry. The impact on greenhouse gas emissions, methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) of covering the slurry pit was also evaluated. Simultaneous field experiments were carried out using two similar pits at a farm with peat and polystyrene ball covers, which allowed direct comparison of the feasibility of the two covers to reduce gas emissions (measured using the dynamic chamber technique). Emissions from the third option (using a synthetic sheet roof) were estimated by measuring the concentrations in the headspace under the cover and the air leakage from the cover with a tracer gas (CO<sub>2</sub>). Results showed that the polystyrene balls cover reduced emissions of NH<sub>3</sub> during storage by up to 80% whatever the season, but increased potential greenhouse gas emissions by 20% in summer. No consistent reduction was achieved with the peat cover even though some individual results seemed to indicate up to 25% reduction in ammonia emissions;moreover, there was a 30% increase in CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the storage period. The use of a synthetic sheet roof enabled up to 90% reduction in NH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions whatever the season.
