Botanic gardens and arboreta around the world are repositories of diverse <span>collections of useful plants in their gardens and seed banks. However, the c</span>rop and forestry communities often overloo...Botanic gardens and arboreta around the world are repositories of diverse <span>collections of useful plants in their gardens and seed banks. However, the c</span>rop and forestry communities often overlook these collections, and so they are an underutilised resource. For example, in analysis of the <i>ex situ</i> conservation status of 6,941 socio-economically important plant taxa using data from forestry and crop collections, but omitted collections in botanic gardens and ar<span>boreta. In this paper, we compared the socio-economically important taxa id</span>en<span style="font-family:;" "="">tified by Khoury <i>et al</i>. from GRIN-Global World Economic Plants (WEP) with data on living and seed collections held in botanic garden and arboreta, <span>as recorded in BGCI’s global PlantSearch and ThreatSearch datasets. This a</span>nalysis produced an assessment of the proportion of these taxa that are found in botanic gardens and arboreta, the number of gardens or arboreta they are found in and what potential they have to contribute to research, conservation and sustainable use. We also compared the species conservation comprehensiveness assessments carried out by Khoury <i>et al</i>. with the threatened status of those species, according to the IUCN Red List and other threat assessment methodologies in order to ascertain whether threatened, useful species are well-conserved in botanic gardens. At least 6017 of the 6941 socio-economi</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">cally important WEP taxa (86.7%) were currently found in the living and seed collections of botanic gardens and arboreta with 1456 taxa (21%) held in >40 collections. Khoury <i>et al. </i>suggested that 6748 of the WEP taxa are of either medium or high conservation priority. However, our analysis suggested that just 1153 taxa have been assessed as threatened at a national or international level. We concluded that the botanic garden/arboretum community can contribute significantly to plant conservation and sustainable development, including data and material from many collections of socio-economically important taxa that are not present in the crop and forestry communities. We examined the reasons why botanic garden/arboreta collections are currently under-utilised and make recommendations for increasing their visibility and use.</span>展开更多
Topotecan (TPT), a semisynthetic analogue of the natural product camptothecin is a cell cycle-specific drug with antitumor activity. To clarify the effect of TPT on SUD4 and DOHH2 cell line in this study, we examined ...Topotecan (TPT), a semisynthetic analogue of the natural product camptothecin is a cell cycle-specific drug with antitumor activity. To clarify the effect of TPT on SUD4 and DOHH2 cell line in this study, we examined the apoptosis and cell cycle changes of the two human cancer cell lines by exposing to TPT for 18 hours at various concentrations. The linear relationship between apoptosis cell number and the concentration of TPT was observed by means of Flow Cytometry and Annexin V assay. Then, DOHH2 cell is much more sensitive to TPT than SUD4 cell. In addition, Cell Question Software Assay showed positive relationship between the frequency of cells accumulated in S-phase and the concentration of TPT. The least concentration of TPT to change cell cycle is 5 nmol·L?1 in both cell lines. These results suggest that the inducing apoptosis of cancer cells is one of mechanism of TPT antitumor activity.展开更多
CSP （concentrating solar power） is a commercially available renewable energy technology capable of harnessing the immense solar resource in southern Europe, the MENA region （Middle East and North Africa）, and else...CSP （concentrating solar power） is a commercially available renewable energy technology capable of harnessing the immense solar resource in southern Europe, the MENA region （Middle East and North Africa）, and elsewhere. This paper summarises the findings of a study by the European Academies Science Advisory Council which has examined the current status and development challenges of CSP, and consequently has evaluated the potential contribution of CSP in Europe and the MENA region to 2050. It identifies the actions that will be required by scientists, engineers, policy makers, politicians, business and investors alike, to enable this vast solar resource to make a major contribution to establishing a sustainable energy system. The study concludes that cost reductions of 50%-60% in CSP electricity may reasonably be expected in the next 10-15 years, enabling the technology to be cost competitive with fossil-fired power generation at some point between 2020 and 2030. Incorporation of storage delivers added value in enabling CSP to deliver dispatchable power. Incentive schemes will be needed in Europe and MENA countries to enable this point to be achieved. Such schemes should reflect the true value of electricity to the grid, effectively drive research and development, and ensure transparency of performance and cost data.展开更多
文摘Botanic gardens and arboreta around the world are repositories of diverse <span>collections of useful plants in their gardens and seed banks. However, the c</span>rop and forestry communities often overlook these collections, and so they are an underutilised resource. For example, in analysis of the <i>ex situ</i> conservation status of 6,941 socio-economically important plant taxa using data from forestry and crop collections, but omitted collections in botanic gardens and ar<span>boreta. In this paper, we compared the socio-economically important taxa id</span>en<span style="font-family:;" "="">tified by Khoury <i>et al</i>. from GRIN-Global World Economic Plants (WEP) with data on living and seed collections held in botanic garden and arboreta, <span>as recorded in BGCI’s global PlantSearch and ThreatSearch datasets. This a</span>nalysis produced an assessment of the proportion of these taxa that are found in botanic gardens and arboreta, the number of gardens or arboreta they are found in and what potential they have to contribute to research, conservation and sustainable use. We also compared the species conservation comprehensiveness assessments carried out by Khoury <i>et al</i>. with the threatened status of those species, according to the IUCN Red List and other threat assessment methodologies in order to ascertain whether threatened, useful species are well-conserved in botanic gardens. At least 6017 of the 6941 socio-economi</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">cally important WEP taxa (86.7%) were currently found in the living and seed collections of botanic gardens and arboreta with 1456 taxa (21%) held in >40 collections. Khoury <i>et al. </i>suggested that 6748 of the WEP taxa are of either medium or high conservation priority. However, our analysis suggested that just 1153 taxa have been assessed as threatened at a national or international level. We concluded that the botanic garden/arboretum community can contribute significantly to plant conservation and sustainable development, including data and material from many collections of socio-economically important taxa that are not present in the crop and forestry communities. We examined the reasons why botanic garden/arboreta collections are currently under-utilised and make recommendations for increasing their visibility and use.</span>
文摘Topotecan (TPT), a semisynthetic analogue of the natural product camptothecin is a cell cycle-specific drug with antitumor activity. To clarify the effect of TPT on SUD4 and DOHH2 cell line in this study, we examined the apoptosis and cell cycle changes of the two human cancer cell lines by exposing to TPT for 18 hours at various concentrations. The linear relationship between apoptosis cell number and the concentration of TPT was observed by means of Flow Cytometry and Annexin V assay. Then, DOHH2 cell is much more sensitive to TPT than SUD4 cell. In addition, Cell Question Software Assay showed positive relationship between the frequency of cells accumulated in S-phase and the concentration of TPT. The least concentration of TPT to change cell cycle is 5 nmol·L?1 in both cell lines. These results suggest that the inducing apoptosis of cancer cells is one of mechanism of TPT antitumor activity.
文摘CSP （concentrating solar power） is a commercially available renewable energy technology capable of harnessing the immense solar resource in southern Europe, the MENA region （Middle East and North Africa）, and elsewhere. This paper summarises the findings of a study by the European Academies Science Advisory Council which has examined the current status and development challenges of CSP, and consequently has evaluated the potential contribution of CSP in Europe and the MENA region to 2050. It identifies the actions that will be required by scientists, engineers, policy makers, politicians, business and investors alike, to enable this vast solar resource to make a major contribution to establishing a sustainable energy system. The study concludes that cost reductions of 50%-60% in CSP electricity may reasonably be expected in the next 10-15 years, enabling the technology to be cost competitive with fossil-fired power generation at some point between 2020 and 2030. Incorporation of storage delivers added value in enabling CSP to deliver dispatchable power. Incentive schemes will be needed in Europe and MENA countries to enable this point to be achieved. Such schemes should reflect the true value of electricity to the grid, effectively drive research and development, and ensure transparency of performance and cost data.
