The equations for gradient of electric field in seawater induced by gradients of salinity, temperature and pressure were developed by means of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Extrathermodynamic assumptions and accepte...The equations for gradient of electric field in seawater induced by gradients of salinity, temperature and pressure were developed by means of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Extrathermodynamic assumptions and accepted chemical model of seawater permit to carry out numerical calculations of electric field caused by diffusion, thermodiffusion and barodiffusion for realistic hydrophysical structure of the ocean. It is shown that contribution of barodiffusion into electric field of the ocean is almost constant (about -3 × 10-7 V/M). This magnitude can be ignored in many cases because it is too small. However natural salinity and temperature gradients significantly impact into electric field of the ocean.展开更多
文摘The equations for gradient of electric field in seawater induced by gradients of salinity, temperature and pressure were developed by means of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Extrathermodynamic assumptions and accepted chemical model of seawater permit to carry out numerical calculations of electric field caused by diffusion, thermodiffusion and barodiffusion for realistic hydrophysical structure of the ocean. It is shown that contribution of barodiffusion into electric field of the ocean is almost constant (about -3 × 10-7 V/M). This magnitude can be ignored in many cases because it is too small. However natural salinity and temperature gradients significantly impact into electric field of the ocean.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42141003, 91851210, 41876119, 42188102, 91751207, and 91951207)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA06055800 and 2020YFA0607600)+9 种基金support by the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (20220558)the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2018R1A2B2006340)support by the German Academic Exchange service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, Make Our Planet Great Again-German Research Initiative, 57429828)the German Federal Ministry of Education and Researchsupport by the joint National Natural Science Foundation of China-Israel Science Foundation (NSFC-ISF) Research Program (42161144006 and 3511/21, respectively)support by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (20-05-00381-a)the Russian Fundamental Programs of Pacific Oceanological Institute (01201363041 and 01201353055)supported by the following provincial and municipal authorities of China: Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (K19313901) (Guangzhou)Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (SML2020SP004) (Zhuhai)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Southern University of Science and Technology (ZDSYS201802081843490)。
