不同体位A超测量难测眼眼轴的对比研究

目的:通过比较患者难测眼的坐位、卧位A超和晶星900(Lenstar,LS900)三种方法测量眼轴长度的差异,为更准确进行难测眼眼轴测量提供指导。方法:临床病例对照研究。对2019-05/2020-09在郑州市第二人民医院就诊的合并硅油眼、玻璃体积血或视网膜脱离的白内障患者及晶状体或人工晶状体脱位的患者102例102眼分别行LS900及坐位、卧位A超检查测量眼轴长度,并对三种方法测量结果进行统计学分析。结果:LS900与A超眼轴测量检出率分别为83%和100%;A超坐位和卧位及LS900三种方法测量眼轴长度整体、硅油组、晶状体脱位组、玻璃体积血组比较均有差异(P<0.001),整体卧位、硅油组卧位、晶状体脱位组卧位、玻璃体积血组卧位与LS900测量值眼轴长度均值比较有差异(均P<0.05),而整体坐位和各难测眼组坐位与LS900测量眼轴长度比较均无差异;三种测量方法所测值在95%一致性范围内一致性良好,A超坐位测量结果更接近LS900。结论:在难测眼A超眼轴测量中,特别是眼部组织结构发生改变的疾病,改变常规卧位为坐位可提高测量结果的准确性,为临床医生制定治疗方案提供更可信的指导。

Polymorphism of OAS2 rs739901 C/A Involves the Susceptibility to EV71 Infection in Chinese Children

This study aimed to assess the relationship of OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking C/A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to Enterovirus-71 （EV71） infection. We investigated 294 hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） Chinese children with EV71 infection （165 mild cases and 129 encephalitis cases）. The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction （iMLDR） technique was used to test the genotypes. In EV71-infected patients, the CA genotype distribution （P=0.007）, A allele frequency （OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.0-1.7, P=0.034） and CA＋AA carriage frequency （P=0.003） of OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking were obviously elevated as compared with controls, but there were no statistically significant differences between mild cases and encephalitis cases. In EV71-infected patients, the counts of white blood cells （P=0.034） and blood glucose concentrations （P=0.042） were raised in A carriers （CA＋AA）. Among different genotypes of encephalitis cases, the contents of cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） showed no significant differences. IFN-7 levels in EV71-infected patients were higher than those in controls （mild group vs. control group, P〈0.01; encephalitis group vs. control group, P〈0.001）. In encephalitis cases, IFN-7 levels were reduced （P〈0.05） in A carriers compared to CC genotype, however, there were no significant differences between genotypes CA and AA （ P=0.226）. These findings suggest that OAS2 rs739901 5＇-flanking C/A genetic polymorphisms involve the susceptibility to EV71 infection, and A allele might be a risk factor of the susceptibility to EV-71 infection.

Quality of life in adult intermittent exotropia and the risk factors

AIM: To study the quality of life of adult patients with intermittent exotropia(IXT) in China and analyze the factors affecting the quality of life in IXT patients.METHODS: Total y 109 cases of normal eye(control group), 77 cases of IXT(IXT group) and 115 cases of strabismus control group(except IXT) were collected. The quality of life of the patients was assessed by Chinese version of adult strabismus patient’s quality of life scale(CAS-20). The differences of general characteristics, visual function and quality of life were analyzed, and the effects of individual factors and visual function on quality of life of patients with IXT were analyzed.RESULTS: The IXT group had a high proportion of patients with family history, low proportion of patients with amblyopia compared with strabismus control group. The proportion with normal near and far stereopsis of IXT group were lower than that of normal control group. The best corrected visual acuity of IXT group was higher than that of strabismus control group, but lower than the control group. In addition, the median strabismus degree in IXT group was higher than that in other strabismus control group. The median psychosocial scores and median visual function scores of the IXT group was lower than that of the normal control group, but not different from strabismus control group. Occupation status, course of disease, far stereopsis and near stereopsis significantly affected the quality of life in IXT patients.CONCLUSION: Adult IXT patients in China have a certain proportion of family history and lower quality of life, The main factors affecting the quality of life of IXT patients is stereopsis, course of disease and occupation status.

Centrosome and vascular microenvironmental homeostasis

The homeostasis of vascular microenvironment is essential to maintain the normal vascular structure and function,while its disorder leads to vascular dysfunction,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Centrosome is an important organelle existing in mammalian cells as well as the microtubule organizing center,playing an important role in maintaining vascular structure and homeostasis.This study reviewed the role of centrosome in the regulation of vascular microenvironmental homeostasis.Centrosomal proteins intricately regulate microtubule dynamics and stabilization,and diverse microtubule-relatived cellular activities,including the division,polarization and directional migration of vascular endothelial cells,smooth muscle cells and other types of cells.In addition,primary cilia formed by centrosome are essential in vascular microenvironment.Tumor endothelial cells usually acquire excess centrosomes,and excess centrosomes are regulated by several angiogenic factors.Therefore,uncovering the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying centrosome affecting vascular microenvironmental homeostasis are needed for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Rare earth element-modified MOF materials:synthesis and photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation

Metal-organic framework-like materials(MOFs)have been developed in the fields of photocatalysis for their excellent optical properties and physicochemical properties,including environmental remediation,CO_(2)photoreduction,water splitting,and so on.With their important roles in various fields,rare earth elements have received growing interests from scientists.Modifying MOFs with rare earth elements for modification allows broadening the absorption spectrum,while the active electrons on their empty 4f orbitals can act as traps to capture photoexcited carriers to inhibit the recombination of electron-hole pairs,thus promoting photocatalytic activity.Therefore,rare earth elements modified MOFs provide an attractive way to achieve their high value utilization.In this mini-review,the synthesis of rare earth element-modified MOFs photocatalysts and corresponding applications in the removal of antibiotics,CO_(2)reduction,and hydrogen production are constructively summarized and discussed.Finally,the latest advancements and current difficulties of these materials as well as the application prospects are also provided.

[5]Rotaxane, linear polymer and supramolecular organic framework constructed by nor-seco-cucurbit[10]uril-based ternary complexation

Here we use nor-seco-cucurbit[10]uril(ns-CB[10]) based ternary complexation to construct [5]rotaxane,linear supramolecular dynamic rotaxane polymers and cubic 3D supramolecular organic framework.A [5]rotaxane is constructed by ns-CB[10], TMe CB[6] and short linear derivatives of 4,4'-bipyridinium(M2). ns-CB[10], CB[7] and long linear derivatives of 4,4'-bipyridinium(M3) self-assemble into a linear supramolecular dynamic rotaxane polymer. ns-CB[10] and tetracationic tetrahedral monomer selfassemble and form a three-dimensional supramolecular organic framework. The above results demonstrate that ns-CB[10]-based ternary complexation is a versatile platform to build various supramolecular systems.

History and progress of hypotheses and clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in activities of daily life.Its main pathological features are cerebral atrophy,amyloid plaques,and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of patients.There are various descriptive hypotheses regarding the causes of AD,including the cholinergic hypothesis,amyloid hypothesis,tau propagation hypothesis,mitochondrial cascade hypothesis,calcium homeostasis hypothesis,neurovascular hypothesis,inflammatory hypothesis,metal ion hypothesis,and lymphatic system hypothesis.However,the ultimate etiology of AD remains obscure.In this review,we discuss the main hypotheses of AD and related clinical trials.Wealthy puzzles and lessons have made it possible to develop explanatory theories and identify potential strategies for therapeutic interventions for AD.The combination of hypometabolism and autophagy deficiency is likely to be a causative factor for AD.We further propose that fluoxetine,a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,has the potential to treat AD.

The effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia: focusing on fluoxetine with long follow-up periods

Dear Editors,Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and vascular dementia(VaD)are two of the most common forms of dementia,resulting in increased disability and mortality,impaired quality of life,and serious burdens on society and caregivers.However,the presently available drugs can only alleviate symptoms for a short time without delaying the progression of the cognitive disorders.Since 2003,no new drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of AD.In 2019,phase III clinical trials of crenezumab and aducanumab,two anti-amyloid beta monoclonal antibodies,were terminated.The scant progress in clinical trials urges efforts towards an alternative therapeutic strategy for dementia.

Additive effects of warming and grazing on fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients in an alpine meadow

Fine-root decomposition is a critical process regulating ecosystem carbon cycles and affecting nutrient cycling and soil fertility.However,whether interaction between warming and grazing affects fine-root decomposition is still under-researched in natural grasslands.A two-factorial experiment with asymmetric warming(i.e.daytime vs.nighttime and growing season vs.nongrowing season)and moderate grazing(i.e.about average 50%forage utilization rate)was conducted to explore whether warming and grazing affect fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients during a 2-year decomposition period in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.Both warming and grazing facilitated carbon cycling through increase in fine-root decomposition,and influenced element cycling which varies among elements.The effects of warming and grazing on fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients were additive.Both warming and grazing significantly increased cumulative percentage mass loss and total organic carbon loss of fine roots during the 2-year experiment.Only warming with grazing treatment reduced percentage nitrogen loss,whereas warming,regardless of grazing,decreased percentage phosphorus loss.Warming and grazing alone increased percentage loss of potassium,sodium,calcium and magnesium compared with control.There were no interactions between warming and grazing on fine-root decomposition and loss of nutrients.There was greater temperature sensitivity of decreased phosphorus loss than that of decreased nitrogen loss.Different temperature sensitivities of percentage loss of nutrients from fine-root decomposition would alter ratios of the available nutrients in soils,and may further affect ecosystem structure and functions in future warming.

A cytotoxic pyrrolidinoindoline diketopiperazine dimer from the algal fungus Eurotium herbariorum HT-2

A new cytotoxic pyrrolidinoindoline diketopiperazine dimer, cristatumin E （1）, was isolated from the fermentation broth of the algal fungus Eurotium herbariorum HT-2 associated with the marine algae, Enteromorpha prolifera. The structure was determined by spectroscopic analyses and Marfey＇s amino acid analysis. Cristatumin E （1） showed cytotoxicity against K562 tumor cell line and antibacterial activity against Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli with IC50 and MIC values of 8.3, 44.0 and 44.0 μmol/L, respectively.

Flexible Electrochromic Poly(thiophene-furan) Film via Electrodeposition with High Stability

Flexible electrochromic(EC) materials have an urgent demand in the current electronic equipment market due to their technological interest and applications. However, at present, few flexible EC devices developed by industry exist due to some problems and challenges still to be solved such as flexibility. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a novel thiophene-furan(TFu) monomer via Stille coupling reaction,and facilely electrochemically polymerized in a neutral Bu_4 NPF_6-CH_2Cl2 electrolyte system to afford the corresponding poly(thiophene-furan)(PTFu) polymer film with good flexibility. The electrochemical and photoelectrochemical analyses of the as-prepared PTFu demonstrate that it has achieved the improved EC performance compared with pure polyfuran and polythiophene polymers, and as a result it possesses favorable EC parameters manifested as a reasonable ΔT(32.1%), faster response(1.38 s), excellent coloration efficiency(CE, 300.9 cm^(2)·C^(-1)), and after a continuous redox process up to 2000 s, its optical stability can be maintained at 96%, and even after 3000 s, it can still be maintained at 80%. In addition, the successful assembly of the electrochromic device of PTFu film can easily realize the reversible conversion of the color from orange to gray. All these systematic studies suggest that the as-prepared flexible PTFu film is a promising candidate for EC materials and has great potential interest for versatile EC applications.

Author Correction: History and progress of hypotheses and clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease

Correction to:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-019-0063-8,published online 23 August 2019 Since the publication of this Review Article,we noticed several mistakes in Table 2 and the Perspective section that need to be corrected immediately.In Table 2,the status of AAB-003 Phase I trial is completed.In addition,the status of GV-971 Phase III trial is completed in China.The correct portion of Table 2 is displayed as below.In the perspective section,the sigma-1 receptor activator Anavex 2-73 has entered a phase III clinical trial but it was not granted fast-track status by the FDA.Therefore,the texts should be corrected to“In addition,fluoxetine can bind to the endoplasmic reticulum protein sigma-1 receptor.418 Sigma-1 receptor ligands can enhance acetylcholine secretion.

Rosacea-Like Dermatitis Caused by Icotinib Hydrochloride: A Case Report

IntroductionIn recent years,drugs that have been reported to be associated with dermatitis include glucocorticoid,tacrolimus pimecrolimus,1 epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) such as erlotinib2 and cetuximab,vitamin B6,3 rarely the oral antidiabetic drug metformin,parabens,calcium channel blockers,and selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors.However,few reports have described drug-induced rosacea-like dermatitis.

Regulatory networks between Polycomb complexes and non-coding RNAs in the central nervous system

High-throughput sequencing has facilitated the identification of many types of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)involved in diverse cellular processes.NcRNAs as epigenetic mediators play key roles in neuronal development,maintenance,and dysfunction by controlling gene expression at multiple levels.NcRNAs may not only target specific DNA or RNA for gene silence but may also directly interact with chromatin-modifying proteins like Polycomb group(PcG)proteins to drive orchestrated transcriptional programs.Recent significant progress has been made in characterizing ncRNAs and PcG proteins involved in transcriptional,post-transcriptional,and epigenetic regulation.More importantly,dysregulation of ncRNAs,PcG proteins,and interplay among them is closely associated with the pathogenesis of central nervous system(CNS)disorders.In this review,we focus on the interplay between ncRNAs and PcG proteins in the CNS and highlight the functional roles of the partnership during neural development and diseases.

Continuity of Solutions for Parametric Set Optimization Problems via Scalarization Methods

The aim of this paper is to investigate the continuity of solution mappings for para-metric set optimization problems with upper and lower set less order relations by scalarization methods.First,we recall some linear and nonlinear scalarization prop-erties used to characterize the set order relations.Subsequently,we introduce new monotonicity concepts of the set-valued mapping by linear and nonlinear scalarization methods.Finally,we obtain the semicontinuity and closedness of solution mappings for parametric set optimization problems(both convex and nonconvex cases)under the monotonicity assumption and other suitable conditions.The results achieved do not impose the continuity of the set-valued objective mapping,which are obviously different from the related ones in the literature.

Human herpesvirus 4 and adaptive immunity in Alzheimer’s disease

In a recent paper published in Nature,Gate et al.reported adaptive immune changes in Alzheimer’s disease(AD),discovered CD8+T effector memory CD45RA+(TEMRA)cells with proinflammatory and cytotoxic functions in AD patients,and identified two TEMRA cell-recognized antigens of human herpesvirus 4(HHV-4),also known as Epstein–Barr virus(EBV).1 The findings suggested that adaptive immunity might have a role in AD progression.

Development and Application of a Mitochondrial Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicator in Narcosis

Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)plays a crucial role in the function of cells and organelles,involving various cellular physiological processes,including energy production,formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),unfolded protein stress,and cell survival.Currently,there is a lack of genetically encoded fluorescence indicators(GEVIs)for MMP.In our screening of various GEVIs for their potential monitoring MMP,the Accelerated Sensor of Action Potentials(ASAP)demonstrated optimal performance in targeting mitochondria and sensitivity to depolarization in multiple cell types.However,mitochondrial ASAPs also displayed sensitivity to ROS in cardiomyocytes.Therefore,two ASAP mutants resistant to ROS were generated.A double mutant ASAP3-ST exhibited the highest voltage sensitivity but weaker fluorescence.Overall,four GEVIs capable of targeting mitochondria were obtained and named mitochondrial potential indicators 1-4(MPI-1-4).In vivo,fiber photometry experiments utilizing MPI-2 revealed a mitochondrial depolarization during isoflurane-induced narcosis in the M2 cortex.