Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Chinese women.Early screening is the best way to improve the rates of early diagnosis and survival of breast cancer patients.The peak onset age for breast cancer in ...Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Chinese women.Early screening is the best way to improve the rates of early diagnosis and survival of breast cancer patients.The peak onset age for breast cancer in Chinese women is considerably younger than those in European and American women.It is imperative to develop breast cancer screening guideline that is suitable for Chinese women.By summarizing the current evidence on breast cancer screening in Chinese women,and referring to the latest guidelines and consensus on breast cancer screening in Europe,the United States,and East Asia,the China Anti-Cancer Association and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer(Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital)have formulated population-based guideline for breast cancer screening in Chinese women.The guideline provides recommendations on breast cancer screening for Chinese women at average or high risk of breast cancer according to the following three aspects:age of screening,screening methods,and screening interval.This article provides more detailed information to support the recommendations in this guideline and to provide more direction for current breast cancer screening practices in China.展开更多
Objective:To develop and evaluate the screening performance of a low-cost high-risk screening strategy for breast cancer in low resource areas.Methods:Based on the Multi-modality Independent Screening Trial,6 question...Objective:To develop and evaluate the screening performance of a low-cost high-risk screening strategy for breast cancer in low resource areas.Methods:Based on the Multi-modality Independent Screening Trial,6 questionnaire-based risk factors of breast cancer(age at menarche,age at menopause,age at first live birth,oral contraceptive,obesity,family history of breast cancer)were used to determine the women with high risk of breast cancer.The screening performance of clinical breast examination(CBE),breast ultrasonography(BUS),and mammography(MAM)were calculated and compared to determine the optimal screening method for these high risk women.Results:A total of 94 breast cancers were detected among 31,720 asymptomatic Chinese women aged 45–65 years.Due to significantly higher detection rates(DRs)and suitable coverage of the population,high risk women were defined as those with any of 6 risk factors.Among high risk women,the DR for BUS[3.09/1,000(33/10,694)]was similar to that for MAM[3.18/1,000(34/10,696)],while it was significantly higher than that for the CBE[1.73/1,000(19/10,959),P=0.002].Compared with MAM,BUS showed significantly higher specificity[98.64%(10,501/10,646)vs.98.06%(10,443/10,650),P=0.001],but no significant differences in sensitivity[68.75%(33/48)vs.73.91%(34/46)],positive prediction values[18.54%(33/178)vs.14.11%(34/241)],and negative prediction values[99.86%(10,501/10,516)vs.99.89%(10,443/10,455)].Further analyses showed no significant difference in the percentages of early stage breast cancer[53.57%(15/28)vs.50.00%(15/30)],lymph node involvement[22.73%(5/22)vs.28.00%(7/25)],and tumor size≥2 cm[37.04%(10/27)vs.29.03%(9/31)]between BUS and MAM.Subgroup analyses stratified by breast densities or age at enrollment showed similar results.Conclusions:The low-cost high-risk screening strategy based on 6 questionnaire-based risk factors was an easy-to-use method to identify women with high risk of breast cancer.Moreover,BUS and MAM had comparable screening performances among high risk women.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of CT colonography (CTC) in diagnosis and preoperative staging of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS CTC was performed on 33 patients who were suspected of having colorectal carcinoma. Th...OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of CT colonography (CTC) in diagnosis and preoperative staging of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS CTC was performed on 33 patients who were suspected of having colorectal carcinoma. The results of CTC were compared with those of a pathological examination. RESULTS Among the 22 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma by CTC, 20 cases were confirmed by pathology. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% (20/20) and 84.6% (11/13) respec- tively. The accuracy of showing carcinoma pathologic patterns was 90% (18/20). The sensitivity and specificity were both 100% in the mass type; 77.8% and 100% in the infiltrating type; 100% and 85.7% in the ulcerated type. The accuracy of staging Dukes' carcinoma was 75%. The sensitiv- ity and specificity were 100% and 94.1% for Dukes'A; 80% and 73.3% for Dukes' B; 60% and 100% in Dukes' C; 71.4% and 100% for Dukes' D. CONCLUSION CTC produces a high success rate and provides con- siderable diagnostic information for both an accurate diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma and staging before operation.展开更多
Developing facile methods to construct hierarchical-structured transition metal phosphides is beneficial for achieving high-efficiency hydrogen evolution catalysts.Herein,a self-template strategy of hydrothermal treat...Developing facile methods to construct hierarchical-structured transition metal phosphides is beneficial for achieving high-efficiency hydrogen evolution catalysts.Herein,a self-template strategy of hydrothermal treatment of solid Ni-Co glycerate nanospheres followed by phosphorization is delivered to synthesize hierarchical Ni Co P hollow nanoflowers with ultrathin nanosheet assembly.The microstructure of Ni Co P can be availably tailored by adjusting the hydrothermal treatment temperature through affecting the hydrolysis process of Ni-Co glycerate nanospheres and the occurred Kirkendall effect.Benefitting from the promoted exposure of active sites and affluent mass diffusion routes,the HER performance of the Ni Co P hollow nanoflowers has been obviously enhanced in contrast with the solid Ni Co P nanospheres.The fabricated Ni Co P hollow nanoflowers yield the current density of 10 m A cmà2at small overpotentials of 95 and 127 m V in 0.5 mol Là1H2SO4and 1.0 mol Là1KOH solution,respectively.Moreover,the two-electrode alkaline cell assembled with the Ni Co P and Ir/C catalysts exhibits sustainable stability for overall water splitting.The work provides a simple but efficient method to regulate the microstructure of transition metal phosphides,which is helpful for achieving high-performance hydrogen evolution catalysts based on solid-state metal alkoxides.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Technology Support Program (Grant No. 2015BAI12B15)
文摘Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Chinese women.Early screening is the best way to improve the rates of early diagnosis and survival of breast cancer patients.The peak onset age for breast cancer in Chinese women is considerably younger than those in European and American women.It is imperative to develop breast cancer screening guideline that is suitable for Chinese women.By summarizing the current evidence on breast cancer screening in Chinese women,and referring to the latest guidelines and consensus on breast cancer screening in Europe,the United States,and East Asia,the China Anti-Cancer Association and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer(Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital)have formulated population-based guideline for breast cancer screening in Chinese women.The guideline provides recommendations on breast cancer screening for Chinese women at average or high risk of breast cancer according to the following three aspects:age of screening,screening methods,and screening interval.This article provides more detailed information to support the recommendations in this guideline and to provide more direction for current breast cancer screening practices in China.
基金supported by the Chinese National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2018YFC1315601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81974488)the Tianjin Science and Technology Committee Foundation(Grant Nos.18JCQNJC80300 and 17JCYBJC25300).
文摘Objective:To develop and evaluate the screening performance of a low-cost high-risk screening strategy for breast cancer in low resource areas.Methods:Based on the Multi-modality Independent Screening Trial,6 questionnaire-based risk factors of breast cancer(age at menarche,age at menopause,age at first live birth,oral contraceptive,obesity,family history of breast cancer)were used to determine the women with high risk of breast cancer.The screening performance of clinical breast examination(CBE),breast ultrasonography(BUS),and mammography(MAM)were calculated and compared to determine the optimal screening method for these high risk women.Results:A total of 94 breast cancers were detected among 31,720 asymptomatic Chinese women aged 45–65 years.Due to significantly higher detection rates(DRs)and suitable coverage of the population,high risk women were defined as those with any of 6 risk factors.Among high risk women,the DR for BUS[3.09/1,000(33/10,694)]was similar to that for MAM[3.18/1,000(34/10,696)],while it was significantly higher than that for the CBE[1.73/1,000(19/10,959),P=0.002].Compared with MAM,BUS showed significantly higher specificity[98.64%(10,501/10,646)vs.98.06%(10,443/10,650),P=0.001],but no significant differences in sensitivity[68.75%(33/48)vs.73.91%(34/46)],positive prediction values[18.54%(33/178)vs.14.11%(34/241)],and negative prediction values[99.86%(10,501/10,516)vs.99.89%(10,443/10,455)].Further analyses showed no significant difference in the percentages of early stage breast cancer[53.57%(15/28)vs.50.00%(15/30)],lymph node involvement[22.73%(5/22)vs.28.00%(7/25)],and tumor size≥2 cm[37.04%(10/27)vs.29.03%(9/31)]between BUS and MAM.Subgroup analyses stratified by breast densities or age at enrollment showed similar results.Conclusions:The low-cost high-risk screening strategy based on 6 questionnaire-based risk factors was an easy-to-use method to identify women with high risk of breast cancer.Moreover,BUS and MAM had comparable screening performances among high risk women.
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of CT colonography (CTC) in diagnosis and preoperative staging of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS CTC was performed on 33 patients who were suspected of having colorectal carcinoma. The results of CTC were compared with those of a pathological examination. RESULTS Among the 22 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma by CTC, 20 cases were confirmed by pathology. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% (20/20) and 84.6% (11/13) respec- tively. The accuracy of showing carcinoma pathologic patterns was 90% (18/20). The sensitivity and specificity were both 100% in the mass type; 77.8% and 100% in the infiltrating type; 100% and 85.7% in the ulcerated type. The accuracy of staging Dukes' carcinoma was 75%. The sensitiv- ity and specificity were 100% and 94.1% for Dukes'A; 80% and 73.3% for Dukes' B; 60% and 100% in Dukes' C; 71.4% and 100% for Dukes' D. CONCLUSION CTC produces a high success rate and provides con- siderable diagnostic information for both an accurate diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma and staging before operation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21573083)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019kfy RCPY100)
文摘Developing facile methods to construct hierarchical-structured transition metal phosphides is beneficial for achieving high-efficiency hydrogen evolution catalysts.Herein,a self-template strategy of hydrothermal treatment of solid Ni-Co glycerate nanospheres followed by phosphorization is delivered to synthesize hierarchical Ni Co P hollow nanoflowers with ultrathin nanosheet assembly.The microstructure of Ni Co P can be availably tailored by adjusting the hydrothermal treatment temperature through affecting the hydrolysis process of Ni-Co glycerate nanospheres and the occurred Kirkendall effect.Benefitting from the promoted exposure of active sites and affluent mass diffusion routes,the HER performance of the Ni Co P hollow nanoflowers has been obviously enhanced in contrast with the solid Ni Co P nanospheres.The fabricated Ni Co P hollow nanoflowers yield the current density of 10 m A cmà2at small overpotentials of 95 and 127 m V in 0.5 mol Là1H2SO4and 1.0 mol Là1KOH solution,respectively.Moreover,the two-electrode alkaline cell assembled with the Ni Co P and Ir/C catalysts exhibits sustainable stability for overall water splitting.The work provides a simple but efficient method to regulate the microstructure of transition metal phosphides,which is helpful for achieving high-performance hydrogen evolution catalysts based on solid-state metal alkoxides.
