A layout and connection optimization for static frequency divider is presented. The layout optimization provides a new circle topology transistors placement and reasonable connection structure, which reduces the paras...A layout and connection optimization for static frequency divider is presented. The layout optimization provides a new circle topology transistors placement and reasonable connection structure, which reduces the parasitic effectively and enables self-oscillation frequency enhancement. Besides, bandwidth enhancement techniques based on a center-tap capacitor in input balun design and inductive peaking in latch design are adopted to improve further high frequency performance with low power consumption. As a proof of concept, design of a divide-by-2 static frequency divider in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is reported. With single-ended input clock signal, the divider is measured to be operated from 40 to 90 GHz. Phase noise measurements of a 90 GHz input clock signal indicate ideal behavior with no measurable noise contribution from the divider. The divider followed by a buffer that can deliver more than-10 dBm output power, which is sufficient to drive succeeding stage. To the author's knowledge, the divider exhibits a competitive power dissipation and the highest FOM among silicon based frequency dividers that operating higher than 70 GHz.展开更多
Currently,detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNAs is a standard approach for COVID-19 diagnosis.However,there is an urgent need for reliable and rapid serological diagnostic methods to screen SARS-CoV-2-infected people including th...Currently,detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNAs is a standard approach for COVID-19 diagnosis.However,there is an urgent need for reliable and rapid serological diagnostic methods to screen SARS-CoV-2-infected people including those who do not have overt symptoms.Most emerging studies described serological tests based on detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG.1–4 Although detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in serum has been reported in few papers,5,6 analyses of IgA levels in a larger number of COVID-19 patients are still lacking.展开更多
Dear editor,The 2019 novel coronavirus(later renamed as SARS-CoV-2 in February 2020)infected over 12 million people globally by early July 2020,causing mild to severe COVID-19 in millions.Monitoring the levels of anti...Dear editor,The 2019 novel coronavirus(later renamed as SARS-CoV-2 in February 2020)infected over 12 million people globally by early July 2020,causing mild to severe COVID-19 in millions.Monitoring the levels of antibodies such as immunoglobin(Ig)G,M and A that are specific to SARS-CoV-2 and present in the blood provides not only an alternative method for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection(including asymptomatic carriers),but also a simple way to monitor immune responses in convalescent patients or after vaccination.A high and persistent level of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2,especially those that can bind to and neutralize the virus,would be a strong indication that an immunized host could resist to SRAS-CoV-2 infection.Currently,there are no effective drugs to specifically prevent or cure SARS-CoV-2 infection;therefore,host immune responses and antibody-based therapeutics will continue to play important roles in combating and later preventing COVID-19.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61701114the National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant 2017ZX03001020the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University (Grant No. YBJJ1811)
文摘A layout and connection optimization for static frequency divider is presented. The layout optimization provides a new circle topology transistors placement and reasonable connection structure, which reduces the parasitic effectively and enables self-oscillation frequency enhancement. Besides, bandwidth enhancement techniques based on a center-tap capacitor in input balun design and inductive peaking in latch design are adopted to improve further high frequency performance with low power consumption. As a proof of concept, design of a divide-by-2 static frequency divider in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is reported. With single-ended input clock signal, the divider is measured to be operated from 40 to 90 GHz. Phase noise measurements of a 90 GHz input clock signal indicate ideal behavior with no measurable noise contribution from the divider. The divider followed by a buffer that can deliver more than-10 dBm output power, which is sufficient to drive succeeding stage. To the author's knowledge, the divider exhibits a competitive power dissipation and the highest FOM among silicon based frequency dividers that operating higher than 70 GHz.
基金We acknowledge funding support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29030104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:31870731 and U1732109)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2070000108)a COVID-19 special task grant supported by Chinese Academy of Science Clinical Research Hospital(Hefei)(YD2070002017 and YD2070002001)the new medical science fund of USTC(WK2070000130).
文摘Currently,detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNAs is a standard approach for COVID-19 diagnosis.However,there is an urgent need for reliable and rapid serological diagnostic methods to screen SARS-CoV-2-infected people including those who do not have overt symptoms.Most emerging studies described serological tests based on detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG.1–4 Although detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in serum has been reported in few papers,5,6 analyses of IgA levels in a larger number of COVID-19 patients are still lacking.
基金T.J.is supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB29030104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870731 and U1732109)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2070000108)a COVID-19 special task grant supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Clinical Research Hospital(Hefei)with Grant No.YD2070002017M.H.is supported by the new medical science fund of University of Science and Technology of China(WK2070000130)J.W.and X.Y.are supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities with Grant Nos.YD9110004001 and YD9110002002,respectively.
文摘Dear editor,The 2019 novel coronavirus(later renamed as SARS-CoV-2 in February 2020)infected over 12 million people globally by early July 2020,causing mild to severe COVID-19 in millions.Monitoring the levels of antibodies such as immunoglobin(Ig)G,M and A that are specific to SARS-CoV-2 and present in the blood provides not only an alternative method for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection(including asymptomatic carriers),but also a simple way to monitor immune responses in convalescent patients or after vaccination.A high and persistent level of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2,especially those that can bind to and neutralize the virus,would be a strong indication that an immunized host could resist to SRAS-CoV-2 infection.Currently,there are no effective drugs to specifically prevent or cure SARS-CoV-2 infection;therefore,host immune responses and antibody-based therapeutics will continue to play important roles in combating and later preventing COVID-19.