Rapamycin reverses ferroptosis by increasing autophagy in MPTP/MPP+-induced models of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder,and fe rroptosis plays a significant role in the pathological mechanism underlying Parkinson’s disease.Rapamycin,an autophagy inducer,has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson’s disease.However,the link between rapamycin and ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease is not entirely clear.In this study,rapamycin was administe red to a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model and a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced Parkinson’s disease PC12 cell model.The results showed that rapamycin improved the behavioral symptoms of Parkinson’s disease model mice,reduced the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,and reduced the expression of ferroptosis-related indicators(glutathione peroxidase 4,recombinant solute carrier family 7,member 11,glutathione,malondialdehyde,and reactive oxygen species).In the Parkinson’s disease cell model,rapamycin improved cell viability and reduced ferro ptosis.The neuroprotective effect of rapamycin was attenuated by a ferroptosis inducer(methyl(1S,3R)-2-(2-chloroacetyl)-1-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-1,3,4,9-tetrahyyridoindole-3-carboxylate)and an autophagy inhibitor(3-methyladenine).Inhibiting ferro ptosis by activating autophagy may be an important mechanism by which rapamycin exerts its neuroprotective effects.Therefo re,the regulation of ferroptosis and autophagy may provide a therapeutic target for drug treatments in Parkinson’s disease.

一种适用于弹性飞机飞行仿真的补丁方法

现代飞行器呈现轻结构、大柔性和低阻尼等特点,气动弹性效应成为不可忽视的因素,使得弹性飞机存在明显区别于刚性飞机的运动响应。由于弹性飞机飞行仿真需研究刚弹耦合方程,增加了建模和验证的难度。针对该问题,提出了一种适用于弹性飞机飞行仿真的补丁方法,通过广义气动力的拆分和测量信号弹性增量的叠加构成“补丁模块”,将该模块置入6自由度全量方程的刚性飞机飞行仿真中,实现弹性飞机的飞行仿真。该方法充分利用了原有刚性飞机的飞行仿真模型,简化了弹性飞机的建模过程,有利于开展后续工作。以某大展弦比无人机为例,基于“补丁模块”的弹性飞机飞行仿真分析给出了对应的配平方法,并在机动响应、气动力非线性和气动伺服弹性稳定性研究中验证了该飞行仿真方法的可行性和准确性。

Spatial Dynamics of Chickenpox Outbreaks in Rapidly Developing Regions:Implications for Global Public Health

Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the relationship between spatial clustering,heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks,and socioeconomic factors in Southern China.Methods We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021,comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions,and provides a representative sample of many developing regions.We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics.Results There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks,with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors,particularly demographics and living environment.Furthermore,interactive effects among specific are factors,such as population density and per capita residential building area,percentage of households with toilets,percentage of rental housing,exhibited q statistics of 0.28,0.25,and 0.24,respectively.Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions,revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission.These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts.

Three Novel Avastroviruses Identified in Dead Wild Crows

Dear Editor,Astroviruses(AstVs)are non-enveloped,single-stranded RNA viruses with a diameter of approximately 35 nm(Madeley and Cosgrove 1975).The genomes of AstVs range in size from 6.8 to 7.9 kb(De Benedictis et al.2011),consisting of a 5'-untranslated region(UTR),three open reading frames(ORFs),a 3'-UTR,and a poly-adenylated(polyA)tail(Pantin-Jackwood et al.2006).In 1975,AstVs were first discovered in faeces of infants(Madeley and Cosgrove 1975).Until now,a variety of animal species,including cows,sheep,pigs,dogs,deer,rats,bats,chickens,ducks,turkeys,sea lions and seals have been reported to be infected with AstVs(Tzipori et al.1981;Cattoli et al.2007;Chu et al.2008,2010;Atkins et al.2009;Toffan et al.2009;Rivera et al.2010;Guix et al.2013;Kang et al.2012;Reuter et al.2012a,2012b;Li et al.2021).Currently,AstVs comprise two genera,Mamastrovirus(MAstV)and Avastrovirus(AAstV).Herein,we describe three novel AAstVs identified from dead crow tissues.To our knowledge,this is the first report for identification of AstVs in crows.

Side-Chain Type Ferrocene Macrocycles

A class of side-chain type ferrocene macrocycles with a radially conjugated system is introduced in this study.The stereo configurations of these ferrocene rings were determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.Notably,in the solid state,the ferrocene rings exhibit a distinctive herringbone stacking pattern imposed by a ferrocene-to-ring host−guest interaction.Through UV−vis absorption spectroscopy,electrochemical measurements,and theoretical calculations,valuable insights into the electronic properties of these rings were obtained.In addition,the single crystal of macrocycle A_(2)B demonstrates a second-order nonlinear optical response.As a class of organometallic nanorings,this work holds great potential for further exploration in the fields of organometallic chemistry,molecular electronics,and host−guest chemistry.